Linum usitatissimum |
Linum aristatum |
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common flax, cultivated flax, flax-seed, lin cultivé, lin-seed |
bristle flax, broom-flax |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. | Herbs, annual, 10–45 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering). |
stiffly spreading-ascending, slender, broomlike, branched throughout. |
Leaves | divergent; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm. |
alternate or proximalmost opposite, proximal leaves spreading, distal leaves appressed-ascending; stipular glands usually present; blade linear, 5–20 × 0.3–1.1 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
diffuse panicles, branches relatively long, stiffly spreading-ascending. |
Pedicels | erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm. |
6–30 mm, slender. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate; petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia present; styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
sepals deciduous, outer linear-lanceolate, 5.5–9 mm, apex attenuate, inner somewhat broader, shorter, margins narrowly scarious, glandular-toothed, apex awn-tipped; petals faintly maroon at base, otherwise yellow to yellow-orange throughout, obovate, 8–12 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 0.7–1.1 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 4.5–7 mm; stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not. |
narrowly ellipsoid, 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, thin-walled, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not, or only sparsely, ciliate. |
Seeds | 4–6 × 2.5–3 mm. |
2.5–3 × 0.8–1 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 30. |
Linum usitatissimum |
Linum aristatum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering May–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields. | Open places, dry, sandy soils, sagebrush or pinyon-juniper zones. |
Elevation | 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) | (300–)1100–3100 m. ((1000–)3600–10200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in c Mexico, Central America, s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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AZ; CO; NM; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Discussion | Linum usitatissimum has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of L. usitatissimum are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. Linum usitatissimum is the only species in the flora area except L. bienne that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from L. bienne by its larger, apically rounded capsules. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The corollas of Linum aristatum are broadly funnelform and almost entirely rich yellow to yellow orange with a faint blush of maroon toward the base. The stamens and styles are yellow; the stigmas are greenish yellow. Linum aristatum is highly branched, giving it a bushy look. It can be recognized by narrowly ellipsoidcapsules and long-attenuate sepals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 389. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) | Engelmann: in F. A. Wislizenus, Mem. Tour N. Mexico, 101. (1848) |
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