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grooved flax, grooved yellow flax, lin à rameaux sillonnés

Chihuahua yellow flax, Chihuahuan flax, red-eye flax

Habit Herbs, annual, 25–85 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual, 10–50 cm, glabrous.
Stems

erect to ascending, unbranched proximally, few to many branches above middle, conspicuously sulcate.

ascending to erect, branched at base and in inflorescence.

Leaves

proximal 0–13 pairs opposite (often fallen at anthesis), distal alternate, appressed-ascending;

stipular glands usually present, very rarely absent;

blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 7–30 × 1–3 mm, margins entire, distal leaves not ciliate, apex acute to subulate;

midrib prominent, marginal nerves less conspicuous.

alternate or proximal leaves opposite, divergent to ascending;

stipular glands usually present, sometimes absent;

blade linear, 8–17 × 0.5–1.3 mm, margins entire, with widely spaced glandular hairs, apex acute.

Inflorescences

open panicles;

bracts glandular-toothed, not ciliate.

open panicles.

Pedicels

1.3–4.7 mm.

2–12 mm.

Flowers

sepals persistent, lanceolate, (3.1–)3.6–5(–7.3) mm, inner sepals more delicate than outer, shorter, margins not scarious, all very conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex acuminate, central and marginal veins conspicuous;

petals pale yellow, obovate, 5–10 mm;

stamens 3.3–5.7 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.7 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate 0.2–1.8 mm at base, 2–4.5 mm;

stigmas capitate.

sepals persistent, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 4–7.5 mm, margins narrowly scarious or not, inner sepals abundantly glandular-toothed, outer sparsely toothed, apex narrowly acute;

petals yellow-orange to salmon with maroon base, broadly obovate, 10–17 mm;

stamens 4–8 mm;

anthers 1–1.8 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate to within 0.2 mm of apex, 4–8 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

globose, 2.5–3.3 × 2.1–3 mm, apex rounded to acute, dehiscing freely into 10, sharp-pointed, 1-seeded segments;

segments persistent on plant, false septa incomplete, margins prominently ciliate.

ovoid, 3–4 × 2.5–3.2 mm, apex depressed, dehiscing completely into 5, 2-seeded segments (very easily crushed), segments persistent on plant, false septa incomplete, proximal margins terminating in loose fringe.

Seeds

1.6–2.1 × 0.8–1.1 mm.

2–2.8 × 0.9–1.3 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 30.

Linum sulcatum

Linum vernale

Phenology Flowering May–Sep. Flowering Mar–Sep.
Habitat Sandy, gravelly fields, calcareous ledges and barrens, diabase barrens, cedar glades, prairies, alvars, sometimes in open woods, interdunal flats. Limestone soils, bajadas, openings in scrublands and woodlands.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) 1200–2400 m. (3900–7900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum sulcatum and L. harperi are the only species of the genus in eastern North America with styles united from the base to the middle and all five sepals persistent and with glandular-toothed margins. In L. sulcatum, all parts of the flower are yellow and the corolla is funnelform. Dried plants of L. sulcatum are pale green.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Corollas of Linum vernale are broadly bowl-shaped and yellow-orange to salmon with a maroon base. The filaments and styles are pale pink, and the stigmas are dark maroon. The pollen is bright yellow; on herbarium specimens, the anthers appear to be maroon.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 386. FNA vol. 12, p. 388.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms Cathartolinum sulcatum
Name authority Riddell: W. J. Med. Phys. Sci., 10. (1836) Wooton: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 452. (1898) — (as vernall)
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