Linum compactum |
Linum usitatissimum |
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Wyoming flax |
common flax, cultivated flax, flax-seed, lin cultivé, lin-seed |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 5–30 cm, glabrous throughout or puberulent at base. | Herbs, annual, 20–100 cm, glabrous or glabrate throughout. |
Stems | erect, branched from base and throughout, bushy. |
erect, unbranched or few-branched at base (all flowering). |
Leaves | alternate, spreading to ascending; stipular glands absent; blade linear, 10–28 × 1–1.5 mm, margins entire or sparsely toothed on distal leaves, not ciliate, apex acute. |
divergent; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10–40 × 1.5–5 mm. |
Inflorescences | dense panicles. |
open panicles. |
Pedicels | 2–7 mm. |
erect in fruit, to 20–25 mm. |
Flowers | sepals tardily deciduous, lanceolate, 5–9 mm, margins narrowly scarious, conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex acute to acuminate; petals yellow, obovate, 6–11 mm; stamens 4–6 mm; anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 2.5–4 mm; stigmas capitate. |
homostylous; sepals ovate, 6–9 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer ciliate, apex acuminate; petals usually blue, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 mm; stamens 5–7 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia present; styles distinct or connate at base, 3–6 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
Capsules | ovoid, 3.5–4.4 × 2.7–3.5 mm, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not or only minutely ciliate. |
ovoid to subglobose, 6–10 × 5–10 mm, apex rounded, dehiscing incompletely, segments falling freely, margins ciliate or not. |
Seeds | 2.6–3.1 × 1–1.3 mm. |
4–6 × 2.5–3 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 30. |
Linum compactum |
Linum usitatissimum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). | Flowering Apr–Sep. |
Habitat | Sagebrush grasslands, ponderosa pine woodlands, meadows, prairies, rocky outcrops. | Disturbed areas, roadsides, abandoned homesteads, fields. |
Elevation | 600–1800 m. (2000–5900 ft.) | 0–2400 m. (0–7900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CO; IL; KS; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY; AB; SK
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in c Mexico, Central America, s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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Discussion | Linum compactum is generally low-growing, much branched, and bushy; its flowers are smaller than those of L. rigidum. Linum compactum is found on the high plains in open areas. C. M. Rogers (1984) suggested that it might be closely related to L. australe, which differs in being more slender with more open habit and of pine forest habitats. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Linum usitatissimum has been cultivated since antiquity, and it is this cultivated form that has naturalized in the wild. Flax fibers twisted to make rope or dyed for fabric dated 32,000–26,000 years before present were found in a cave in Dzudzuana, Georgia (E. Kvavadze et al. 2009). Stem fibers of L. usitatissimum are used to make linen; the seeds are pressed to produce linseed oil; the rest of the seeds are compacted into cakes and used as fodder. Linum usitatissimum is the only species in the flora area except L. bienne that has linear stigmas and minutely ciliate inner sepals. It can be distinguished from L. bienne by its larger, apically rounded capsules. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 390. | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. rigidum var. compactum | |
Name authority | A. Nelson: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 241. (1904) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) |
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