The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax

Habit Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial.
Stems

erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence.

usually terete (ridged in L. grandiflorum).

Leaves

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm.

alternate;

stipular glands absent;

blade margins entire, not glandular-toothed.

Inflorescences

open panicles.

Pedicels

10–25 mm.

Flowers

homostylous;

sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate;

petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 4–5 mm;

anthers 1–2.5 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles distinct, 2 mm;

stigmas linear or clavate.

homostylous or heterostylous;

sepals persistent, margins scarious, entire, not glandular-toothed;

petals usually blue or red to maroon, rarely white;

staminodia present or absent;

styles distinct, connate basally or to midlength;

stigmas capitate, clavate, or linear.

Capsules

broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate.

dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments;

false septa incomplete.

Seeds

2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm.

Pollen

tricolpate.

2n

= 30.

Linum bienne

Linum sect. Linum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug.
Habitat Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places.
Elevation 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; Eurasia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in s South America]
Discussion

Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 50 (6 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals bright red to maroon, fading to purple.
L. grandiflorum
1. Petals usually blue, rarely white.
→ 2
2. Stigmas linear or clavate; margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate.
→ 3
3. Annuals; petals 10–15 mm; capsules 6–10 mm, apices rounded; seeds 4–6 mm.
L. usitatissimum
3. Biennials or short-lived perennials; petals 6–10 mm; capsules 4–6 mm, apices very sharp-pointed; seeds 2.5–3 mm.
L. bienne
2. Stigmas capitate or ellipsoid-capitate, margins of inner sepals glabrous.
→ 4
4. Flowers heterostylous.
L. perenne
4. Flowers homostylous.
→ 5
5. Perennials; styles 2–12 mm, capsule apices acute.
L. lewisii
5. Annuals; styles 1–3 mm; capsule apices obtuse.
L. pratense
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 374. FNA vol. 12, p. 373.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum Linaceae > Linum
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Subordinate taxa
L. bienne, L. grandiflorum, L. lewisii, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. usitatissimum
Synonyms L. angustifolium
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) unknown
Web links