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flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax

rock flax

Habit Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. Herbs, perennial, 20–75 cm, glabrous or rarely sparsely hairy proximally.
Stems

erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence.

erect, branched at base and in inflorescence.

Leaves

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm.

opposite near base or alternate throughout, appressed-ascending;

stipular glands present;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 8–20 × 0.5–2.1 mm, margins entire or with scattered minute marginal glands, not ciliate, apex acute; 1-nerved.

Inflorescences

open panicles.

panicles, with ascending to spreading branches.

Pedicels

10–25 mm.

0–3 mm.

Flowers

homostylous;

sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate;

petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 4–5 mm;

anthers 1–2.5 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles distinct, 2 mm;

stigmas linear or clavate.

sepals persistent, lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–5 mm, margins of inner sepals narrowly scarious, conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex acute or acuminate;

petals lemon yellow, oblanceolate or narrowly obcordate, 7–11 mm;

stamens 2–8 mm;

anthers 0.5–1 mm;

staminodia present;

styles distinct, 3–6.5 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate.

ovoid, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, apex sharp-pointed, dehiscing readily into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa incomplete, false and true septa margins ciliate.

Seeds

2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm.

1.2–1.9 × 0.7–1.1 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 36.

Linum bienne

Linum rupestre

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug. Flowering Apr–Aug.
Habitat Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. Sandy soils, rocky slopes and ledges, often on limestone.
Elevation 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) 150–1500 m. (500–4900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León); Central America (Guatemala)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum rupestre has narrowly funnelform corollas and yellow stamens and styles. The anthers and stigmas are held closely adjacent at the mouth of the corolla tube, below the broad, spreading limbs. The species occurs from southeastern New Mexico and central Texas to Guatemala. It often grows with L. schiedeanum in Texas and Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 374. FNA vol. 12, p. 381.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms L. angustifolium
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) Engelmann ex A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 232. (1850)
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