Linum bienne |
Linum perenne |
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flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax |
blue flax, blue garden flax, perennial blue flax, perennial flax, western blue flax |
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Habit | Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, perennial, 20–100 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence. |
ascending or erect, usually unbranched. |
Leaves | blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm. |
blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 5–20 × 1–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
much-branched panicles. |
Pedicels | 10–25 mm. |
spreading, 5–25 mm. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate; petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm; stamens 4–5 mm; anthers 1–2.5 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct, 2 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
heterostylous; inner sepals ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 4.5–5.5 mm, margins glabrous, apex obtuse, outer ones lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–4.5 mm, narrower than inner ones, margins glabrous, apex acute or acuminate; petals blue, obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 10–25 mm; stamens 5 mm, anthers 2 mm (long-styled morph) or stamens 6.5 mm, anthers 1.8 mm (short-styled morph); styles distinct, 8 mm (long-styled morph) or 2.5 mm (short-styled morph); stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate. |
subglobose, 5–7 mm diam., apex acute to obtuse, segments persistent on plant, margins ciliate or not. |
Seeds | 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm. |
3–4.2 × 1.7–2 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 18. |
Linum bienne |
Linum perenne |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Mar–Aug. |
Habitat | Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. | Disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) | 100–1000 m. (300–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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AZ; CO; IA; ID; IL; ME; MI; MT; NE; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; UT; VA; WI; WV; BC; ON; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sonora)]
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Discussion | Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Most collections in North America identified as Linum perenne are most likely L. lewisii var. lewisii (D. J. Ockendon 1971; C. M. Rogers 1984). According to Ockendon, L. perenne is often confused with L. austriacum Linnaeus in Europe; its exact native distribution is not known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 376. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. angustifolium | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 277. (1753) |
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