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flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax

Sullivan City flax

Habit Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual, 10–40 cm, glabrate.
Stems

erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence.

spreading to erect, few-branched.

Leaves

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm.

alternate, spreading;

stipular glands moderately developed at proximal nodes, absent on distal nodes;

blade linear, 5–30 × 0.5–1.5 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute.

Inflorescences

open panicles.

panicles.

Pedicels

10–25 mm.

5–13 mm.

Flowers

homostylous;

sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate;

petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 4–5 mm;

anthers 1–2.5 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles distinct, 2 mm;

stigmas linear or clavate.

sepals deciduous, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4–12 mm, margins narrowly scarious, glandular-toothed, apex acute to acuminate;

petals yellow to orange salmon, faintly maroon banded near base, obcordate, 7–12 mm;

stamens 4–5 mm;

anthers 1–1.5 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate nearly to apex, 3–4 mm;

stigmas dark, capitate.

Capsules

broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate.

ovoid, 3.3–4 × 2.6–3.1 mm, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not ciliate.

Seeds

2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm.

2.5–2.7 × 1.1 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 30.

Linum bienne

Linum lundellii

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug. Flowering Feb–Apr.
Habitat Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. Sandy loam in arroyos, gravelly hillsides, mesquite scrub woodlands.
Elevation 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum lundellii occurs in southern Texas and adjacent Tamaulipas (the collection from Nuevo León, Mueller 470, TEX, made at 2400 m, may be misidentified); it can be distinguished from other species by its relatively very short styles. C. M. Rogers (1968) identified a variable population of yellow-flowered plants that he included in L. berlandieri var. filifloium (then treated as L. rigidum var. filifolium). As a result of subsequent study of these plants, he concluded that L. lundellii and L. elongatum should be recognized as separate species. Rogers (1979) compared garden-grown plants of these three taxa and observed that the anthers of L. lundellii are at the same level as the stigmas at anthesis and that pollen had already been deposited on stigmas when the flowers opened, whereas styles of L. berlandieri var. filifolium and L. elongatum are much longer than the stamens and pollen is not shed before anthesis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 374. FNA vol. 12, p. 390.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms L. angustifolium
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) C. M. Rogers: Sida 8: 184, fig. 4c. (1979)
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