The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax

Harper's flax

Habit Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual, 25–85 cm, glabrous.
Stems

erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence.

erect to ascending, unbranched proximally, few to many branched distal to middle.

Leaves

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm.

proximal 0–13 pairs opposite (often fallen at anthesis), distal alternate, appressed-ascending;

stipular glands usually present, very rarely absent;

blade of proximal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, of distal ones linear, 7–30 × 1–3 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex acute to subulate;

midrib prominent, marginal nerves less conspicuous.

Inflorescences

open panicles.

racemelike;

bracts glandular-toothed, not ciliate.

Pedicels

10–25 mm.

1.3–4.7 mm.

Flowers

homostylous;

sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate;

petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 4–5 mm;

anthers 1–2.5 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles distinct, 2 mm;

stigmas linear or clavate.

sepals persistent, outer sepals oblong, 2.3–3.7 mm, margins not scarious, all very coarsely, irregularly glandular-toothed (inner sepals more closely and finely toothed than outer), apex acute;

petals pale yellow, obovate, 5–10 mm;

stamen length unknown;

anthers 0.3–0.7 mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate 0.2–1.8 mm at base, 2–4.5 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate.

ovoid, 2.5–3.3 × 2.1–3 mm, apex rounded to acute, dehiscing freely into 10, sharp-pointed, 1-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa incomplete, margins prominently ciliate.

Seeds

2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm.

1.6–2.1 × 0.8–1.1 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 30.

Linum bienne

Linum harperi

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug. Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. Dry pine barrens, clearings in pine flatwoods, calcareous soils or limestone outcrops.
Elevation 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA
Discussion

Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Dried plants of Linum harperi are dark purple-dotted distally. The species occurs in the center of the Florida panhandle, southwestern Georgia, and central Alabama.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 374. FNA vol. 12, p. 386.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms L. angustifolium Cathartolinum harperi, L. sulcatum var. harperi
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S. 663, 1332. (1903)
Web links