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flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax

flowering flax, flowering or red or scarlet or crimson flax, red flax, scarlet flax

Habit Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. Herbs, annual, 10–60 cm, glabrous, glaucous.
Stems

erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence.

ascending or sometimes decumbent at base, usually freely branched.

Leaves

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm.

blade linear to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 10–30 × 2–3(–7) mm.

Inflorescences

open panicles.

cymes, few-flowered.

Pedicels

10–25 mm.

10–25 mm.

Flowers

homostylous;

sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate;

petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm;

stamens 4–5 mm;

anthers 1–2.5 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles distinct, 2 mm;

stigmas linear or clavate.

heterostylous;

sepals lanceolate, 7–11 mm, margins glabrous, apex acuminate;

petals bright red to maroon, fading to purple, broadly obovate, 15–30 mm;

stamens 8–10 mm;

anthers 5 mm;

staminodia not seen;

styles connate proximal 1/2, 4.5 mm (short-styled) or 8–10 mm (long-styled);

stigmas clavate.

Capsules

broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate.

ovoid-globose, 6–7 mm diam., apex apiculate, segments persistent on plant, margins not seen.

Seeds

2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm.

2–3 × 0.5–1 mm.

2n

= 30.

= 16.

Linum bienne

Linum grandiflorum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug. Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. Disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; FL; KY; NE; NY; OH; PA; TX; UT; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Linum grandiflorum occasionally escapes from gardens and persists along roadsides and trails. This showy garden plant has blue anthers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 374. FNA vol. 12, p. 377.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Synonyms L. angustifolium
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) Desfontaines: Fl. Atlant. 1: 277, plate 78. (1798)
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