Linum bienne |
Linum catharticum |
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flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax |
fairy flax, lin purgatif, purging flax, white flax |
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Habit | Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, 8–30 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence. |
erect, usually unbranched proximal to inflorescence, sometimes branched from decumbent base. |
Leaves | blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm. |
blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or narrowly obovate or oblong, larger 5–18 × 1.4–3.1 mm, largest at midstem, reduced in size both proximally and distally, apex obtuse to acute. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
panicles. |
Pedicels | 10–25 mm. |
6–35 mm. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate; petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm; stamens 4–5 mm; anthers 1–2.5 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct, 2 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
sepals broadly lanceolate to ovate, outer sepals 2–3 mm, inner sepals broader, shorter, margins of all or sometimes only of inner sparsely but conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex acute to acuminate; petals white or whitish, base yellowish, 2–5 mm, obovate; stamens 1 mm, anthers 0.2–0.3 mm; styles 0.5–1 mm. |
Capsules | broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate. |
ovoid, 2–2.5 × 2 mm, fragile and subject to crushing when pressed; segments persistent on plant, septa margins ciliate. |
Seeds | 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm. |
1–1.5 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 16. |
Linum bienne |
Linum catharticum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. | Calcareous or sandy soils, fields, pastures, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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MA; ME; MI; NH; NY; PA; VT; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia (Tasmania)]
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Discussion | Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Linum catharticum has small, white, funnelform corollas, yellow anthers, and light green stigmas. It is the only Linum in the flora area with white petals and opposite leaves. The species is widespread in Europe and occurs only sporadically in the northern United States and most of its range in Canada. It may be native in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, where it is well established. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 377. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Cathartolinum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. angustifolium | |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 281. (1753) |
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