Linum bienne |
Linum arenicola |
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flax, narrow-leaf flax, pale flax |
sand flax |
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Habit | Herbs, biennial or short-lived perennial (flowering 1st year), 6–60 cm, glabrous. | Herbs, perennial (flowering 1st year), 25–70 cm, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, usually branched from near base and in inflorescence. |
erect, usually multiple from base, sometimes 1, unbranched or few-branched proximal to inflorescence, slender, wiry, prominently ribbed in inflorescence. |
Leaves | blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 5–25 × 1–1.5 mm. |
early deciduous, alternate or basalmost opposite, appressed-ascending; stipular glands present, reddish, becoming dark; blade linear, 5–15 × 0.5–1.2 mm, margins entire or with scattered minute marginal glands, not ciliate, apex acute; 1-nerved. |
Inflorescences | open panicles. |
cymes. |
Pedicels | 10–25 mm. |
0–2 mm. |
Flowers | homostylous; sepals ovate, 4–5.5 mm, margins of inner sepals minutely ciliate, outer glabrous, apex acute to acuminate; petals blue, obovate, 6–10 mm; stamens 4–5 mm; anthers 1–2.5 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct, 2 mm; stigmas linear or clavate. |
sepals persistent, lanceolate to ovate or inner ones sometimes obovate, outer sepals 2.5–3.6 mm, margins hyaline, not scarious, all glandular-toothed, apex acuminate; petals yellow, obovate, 4–6.5 mm; stamens 3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.7 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct, 2–3 mm; stigmas capitate. |
Capsules | broadly ovate to subglobose, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, apex very sharp-pointed, segments ± persistent on plant, margins ciliate. |
pyriform, 2–2.5 mm diam., apex pointed, dehiscing readily into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa incomplete, margins of septa ciliate. |
Seeds | 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm. |
1–1.5 × 0.6–1 mm. |
2n | = 30. |
= 36. |
Linum bienne |
Linum arenicola |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Feb–Jun(–Sep). |
Habitat | Grasslands, woodlands, disturbed places. | Shallow soils of ephemeral pools, calcareous soils, slash pine woods over oölite, pine-palmetto rocklands, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; PA; BC; Europe; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
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FL |
Discussion | Linum bienne is thought to be the progenitor of L. usitatissimum (D. J. Ockendon 1971). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
All parts of Linum arenicola flowers are yellow; the stamens are held close to the styles, with anthers at the same level as stigmas. The staminodia are low, deltoid, and less than 0.5 mm. Linum arenicola is only known from about nine sites in Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys in Monroe County. Its habitat of pine rocklands has been almost completely destroyed by urban development and altered fire regimes. J. R. McDill (2009) reported that L. arenicola grouped with L. rupestre (southwestern United States), L. flagellare (Small) H. J. P. Winkler (southcentral Mexico), and L. bahamense Northrop (Bahamas), all perennials with many branches arising from a woody taproot or caudex. Linum arenicola and L. bahamense both occur on calcareous soils, and C. M. Rogers (1984) considered them to be closely related. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 374. | FNA vol. 12, p. 380. |
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linum | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. angustifolium | Cathartolinum arenicola |
Name authority | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linum no. 8. (1768) | (Small) H. J. P. Winkler: in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 19a: 116. (1931) |
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