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southern flax

West's flax

Habit Herbs, annual, 10–50 cm, puberulent near base, otherwise glabrous. Herbs, perennial, 43–50 cm, glabrous.
Stems

stiffly ascending-spreading, few to many-branched.

erect, unbranched proximal to inflorescence.

Leaves

alternate, appressed;

stipular glands present at basal nodes or throughout;

blade linear, 7–20 × 0.5–l.9 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex aristate.

mostly opposite, appressed-erect;

stipular glands absent;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate, cauline leaves 13–17 × 3–4 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute.

Inflorescences

racemes.

of few, few-flowered panicles, branches spreading-ascending, occupying to 1/4 or less of total height.

Pedicels

3–15 mm.

0.5–2.9 mm, stout.

Flowers

sepals deciduous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–7 mm, margins scarious, delicately glandular-toothed, apex aristate;

petals yellow to yellow-orange throughout, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 5–10 mm;

stamens (3–)4–7 mm;

anthers 0.4–1 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles connate nearly to apex, 2–5.7 mm;

stigmas green, capitate.

sepals persistent, inner ones broadly obovate, outer ovate, 3.1–3.6 mm, margins not scarious, inner glandular-toothed, outer entire, apex acute to acuminate;

petals pale to bright yellow, ovate, 6–7 mm;

stamen length unknown;

anther length unknown;

staminodia absent;

styles distinct, 2–3.1 mm;

stigmas capitate.

Capsules

ovoid, 3.2–4.5 × 2.5–3.4 mm, relatively thick-walled and with characteristic thickened areas at apex in region of true septa, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate.

subglobose, 2.6–3 × 2.8–3 mm, apex abruptly short-pointed, dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments, segments falling freely, false septa nearly complete, ± spongy, proximal margins not ciliate.

Seeds

2–3 × 0.8–1.3 mm.

not seen.

2n

= 36.

Linum australe

Linum westii

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat Wet depressions in pine palmetto flatwoods, cypress-gum ponds.
Elevation 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; MT; NM; NV; TX; UT; WY; AB; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The stems of Linum australe are strongly ridged-sulcate to ribbed, especially distally. The corollas are broadly funnelform; petals are yellow to yellow-orange; stamens and styles are yellow; stigmas are bright to olive green. Staminodia in L. australe are short, deltoid, usually two between each pair of stamens, sometimes one or absent. Linum australe is the only species in its range that is glabrous beyond the base and has connate styles. It differs from L. aristatum, which it overlaps in the southern part of the range, in being much more highly branched and having more slender capsules. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted a compact form found in sunny areas from Wyoming northward that warrants more study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The broad, many-toothed inner sepals and subglobose, sharply pointed capsules set Linum westii apart from other species (C. M. Rogers 1984). In addition, its seeds are lunate, compared with narrowly elliptic seeds of L. floridanum and L. macrocarpum. Linum westii is known only from about 16 occurrences, all from the Florida panhandle and northeastern Florida (Clay, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Liberty, and Okaloosa counties, and possibly Bay County), with historical records from Baker and Calhoun counties. R. Kral (1973) considered a Chapman collection from Georgia to have been mislabelled. There are no vouchers for reports of L. westii from Mississippi.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stipular glands present only at proximal nodes; stamens (3–)4–5 mm; styles (2–)2.7–3.3(–4) mm.
var. australe
1. Stipular glands present at nodes throughout plant; stamens 5–7 mm; styles 3.6–5.7 mm.
var. glandulosum
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 390. FNA vol. 12, p. 384.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum
Subordinate taxa
L. australe var. australe, L. australe var. glandulosum
Name authority A. Heller: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 627. (1898) C. M. Rogers: Brittonia 15: 114, figs. 3(8–11). (1963)
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