southern flax
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Herbs, annual, 10–50 cm, puberulent near base, otherwise glabrous. |
Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial, rarely with woody caudex. |
stiffly ascending-spreading, few to many-branched. |
terete, ridged, or sulcate. |
alternate, appressed; stipular glands present at basal nodes or throughout; blade linear, 7–20 × 0.5–l.9 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex aristate. |
alternate, opposite, or whorled; stipular glands present or absent; blade margins entire or glandular-toothed, sometimes ciliate. |
racemes. |
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3–15 mm. |
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sepals deciduous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–7 mm, margins scarious, delicately glandular-toothed, apex aristate; petals yellow to yellow-orange throughout, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 5–10 mm; stamens (3–)4–7 mm; anthers 0.4–1 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 2–5.7 mm; stigmas green, capitate. |
homostylous; sepals persistent or deciduous, margins scarious or not, glandular-toothed or not; petals yellow, sometimes with maroon at base; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct or connate nearly to apex; stigmas usually capitate, rarely linear. |
ovoid, 3.2–4.5 × 2.5–3.4 mm, relatively thick-walled and with characteristic thickened areas at apex in region of true septa, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate. |
dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments or 5, 2-seeded segments; false septa incomplete to complete. |
2–3 × 0.8–1.3 mm. |
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tricolpate or multiporate. |
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AZ; CO; MT; NM; NV; TX; UT; WY; AB; Mexico
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Nearly worldwide |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The stems of Linum australe are strongly ridged-sulcate to ribbed, especially distally. The corollas are broadly funnelform; petals are yellow to yellow-orange; stamens and styles are yellow; stigmas are bright to olive green. Staminodia in L. australe are short, deltoid, usually two between each pair of stamens, sometimes one or absent. Linum australe is the only species in its range that is glabrous beyond the base and has connate styles. It differs from L. aristatum, which it overlaps in the southern part of the range, in being much more highly branched and having more slender capsules. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted a compact form found in sunny areas from Wyoming northward that warrants more study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 85 (30 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
1. Stipular glands present only at proximal nodes; stamens (3–)4–5 mm; styles (2–)2.7–3.3(–4) mm. | var. australe |
1. Stipular glands present at nodes throughout plant; stamens 5–7 mm; styles 3.6–5.7 mm. | var. glandulosum |
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| → 2 |
2. Stigmas linear [subsect. Halolinum]. | L. trigynum |
2. Stigmas capitate [subsect. Linopsis]. | → 3 |
3. Stipular glands present [ser. Linopsis]. | → 4 |
4. Proximal leaves in whorls of 4. | L. schiedeanum |
4. Proximal leaves opposite or alternate. | → 5 |
5. Styles 2–3 mm; petals 4–6.5 mm; Florida. | L. arenicola |
5. Styles 3–6.5 mm; petals 7–11 mm; New Mexico, Texas. | L. rupestre |
3. Stipular glands absent. | → 6 |
6. False septa incomplete, proximal margins ciliate. | → 7 |
7. Capsules turbinate, 2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; c, e United States [ser. Virginianum (in part)]. | L. intercursum |
7. Capsules triangular-ovoid to broadly ovoid or ovoid-pyriform, 2.3–4 mm; anthers 1–2.5 mm; w United States [ser. Neomexicana]. | → 8 |
8. Annuals, 15–60 cm; inflorescences thyrses; styles 1.5–3 mm; capsule apices obtuse. | L. neomexicanum |
8. Perennials, 5–30 cm; inflorescences panicles or thyrses; styles 4–7 mm; capsule apices pointed. | L. kingii |
6. False septa nearly complete, proximal margins sparsely or not ciliate [ser. Virginianum (in part)]. | → 9 |
9. Capsules 1.3–2.3 mm, depressed-globose (broader than long) or globose, apices depressed. | → 10 |
10. Margins of inner sepals usually glandular-toothed, rarely entire; mature capsule segments usually persistent on plant. | L. medium |
10. Margins of inner sepals eglandular or with a few small sessile glands; mature capsule segments falling freely. | → 11 |
11. Inflorescences corymbs; pedicels 1–10 mm; carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially. | L. virginianum |
11. Inflorescences panicles; pedicels 0–4 mm; carpels convex abaxially. | L. striatum |
9. Capsules 2–3.9 mm, either pyriform to ovoid or subglobose, apices abruptly short-pointed, obtuse, or 5-apiculate. | → 12 |
12. Leaves mostly opposite; capsules subglobose, apices abruptly short-pointed. | L. westii |
12. Leaves: proximal usually opposite, distal alternate, rarely all alternate; capsules pyriform to ovoid, apices obtuse or minutely 5-apiculate. | → 13 |
13. Margins of inner sepals entire; capsules 3.4–3.9 mm; seeds 2.8–3 mm. | L. macrocarpum |
13. Margins of inner sepals glandular-toothed; capsules 2–3.4 mm; seeds 1.6–2.5 mm. | L. floridanum |
1. Styles connate [subsect. Rigida]. | → 14 |
14. Capsules dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments; sepals persistent [ser. Sulcata]. | → 15 |
15. Sepals (3.1–)3.6–5(–7.3) mm, apices acuminate. | L. sulcatum |
15. Sepals 2.3–3.7 mm, apices acute. | L. harperi |
14. Capsules dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments; sepals deciduous or persistent [ser. Rigida]. | → 16 |
16. Sepal margins not glandular-toothed. | → 17 |
17. Distal leaves and bracts not ciliate; capsule false septa entirely hyaline, or with cartilaginous portion very narrow, uniform, distal. | L. hudsonioides |
17. Distal leaves and bracts sparsely ciliate; capsule false septa with cartilaginous portion conspicuously broader near base. | L. imbricatum |
16. Sepal margins (some or all) glandular-toothed. | → 18 |
18. Outer sepals ovate or obovate, margins undulate or crenate, with sessile gland near summit of each crenation. | L. alatum |
18. Outer sepals linear, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly ovate, margins glandular-toothed. | → 19 |
19. False septa incomplete, proximal margins terminating in loose fringe; sepals persistent. | → 20 |
20. Styles connate to within 0.8–3 mm of apex; pedicels (5–)20–30(–60) mm; stipular glands absent. | L. subteres |
20. Styles connate to within 0.2 mm of apex; pedicels 2–12 mm; stipular glands usually present. | L. vernale |
19. False septa complete, proximal margins not terminating in loose fringe; sepals usually deciduous. | → 21 |
21. Plants gray-puberulent throughout or puberulent or glabrescent in proximal 1/3. | → 22 |
22. Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, gray-puberulent throughout. | L. puberulum |
22. Subshrubs, puberulent or glabrescent in proximal 1/3, otherwise glabrous. | L. allredii |
21. Plants glabrous, glabrate, scabrous, or puberulent or hirsutulous at base. | → 23 |
23. Sepals linear-lanceolate. | → 24 |
24. Petals obovate; stamens 5–7 mm; styles 4.5–7 mm. | L. aristatum |
24. Petals obcordate; stamens 4–5 mm; styles 3–4 mm. | L. lundellii |
23. Sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate. | → 25 |
25. Stipular glands usually absent. | → 26 |
26. Styles 2.5–4 mm, petals 6–11 mm. | L. compactum |
26. Styles 3–11 mm, petals 10–18 mm. | → 27 |
27. Petals coppery yellow or orange, red-lined or with short pale to deep brown-red zone at base; styles 5–11 mm; sepal apices sharply acute to acuminate; w, c North America. | L. rigidum |
27. Petals orange-yellow throughout; styles 4–6 mm; sepal apices short-awned; s Florida. | L. carteri |
25. Stipular glands usually present at least at some nodes. | → 28 |
| → 29 |
29. Petals with prominent wine-colored band proximal to middle. | L. elongatum |
29. Petals reddish below middle. | L. berlandieri |
| → 30 |
30. Sepal apices aristate; petals yellow to yellow-orange throughout. | L. australe |
30. Sepal apices acute to acuminate or short-awned; petals yellow to orange, sometimes with reddish base. | → 31 |
31. Sepal apices short-awned; s Florida. | L. carteri |
31. Sepal apices acute to acuminate; c United States. | → 32 |
| L. lundellii |
| L. rigidum |
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FNA vol. 12, p. 390. |
FNA vol. 12, p. 378. |
Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis |
Linaceae > Linum |
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii |
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L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. carteri, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii |
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Linopsis, Mesyniopsis |
A. Heller: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 627. (1898) |
(Reichenbach) Engelmann: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 25. (1852) |
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