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southern flax

stiffstem flax

Habit Herbs, annual, 10–50 cm, puberulent near base, otherwise glabrous. Herbs, annual, 15–50 cm, glabrous throughout or puberulent near base of stem.
Stems

stiffly ascending-spreading, few to many-branched.

erect, branches few, fastigiate or spreading-ascending.

Leaves

alternate, appressed;

stipular glands present at basal nodes or throughout;

blade linear, 7–20 × 0.5–l.9 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex aristate.

alternate, erect;

stipular glands present or absent;

blade linear, 11–30 × 0.7–1.6 mm, margins entire or distally sparsely toothed, not ciliate, apex acute.

Inflorescences

racemes.

panicles or cymes.

Pedicels

3–15 mm.

4.5–9 mm.

Flowers

sepals deciduous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–7 mm, margins scarious, delicately glandular-toothed, apex aristate;

petals yellow to yellow-orange throughout, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 5–10 mm;

stamens (3–)4–7 mm;

anthers 0.4–1 mm;

staminodia present or absent;

styles connate nearly to apex, 2–5.7 mm;

stigmas green, capitate.

sepals deciduous, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 5.5–9.5 mm, margins of inner sepals conspicuously scarious, all conspicuously glandular-toothed, apex sharply acute to acuminate;

petals coppery yellow or orange, red-lined or with short pale to deep brown-red zone at base, obovate with short claw, 6–18 mm;

stamens 6–8 mm;

anthers 1–1.8(–2.3) mm;

staminodia absent;

styles connate nearly to apex, 3–11 mm;

stigmas pale, capitate.

Capsules

ovoid, 3.2–4.5 × 2.5–3.4 mm, relatively thick-walled and with characteristic thickened areas at apex in region of true septa, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate.

ellipsoid, 3.5–4.5 × 2.6–3.4 mm, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments blunt or subacute, persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins not ciliate.

Seeds

2–3 × 0.8–1.3 mm.

2.6–3.6 × 0.9–1.2 mm.

2n

= 30.

Linum australe

Linum rigidum

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; MT; NM; NV; TX; UT; WY; AB; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK; n Mexico
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Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The stems of Linum australe are strongly ridged-sulcate to ribbed, especially distally. The corollas are broadly funnelform; petals are yellow to yellow-orange; stamens and styles are yellow; stigmas are bright to olive green. Staminodia in L. australe are short, deltoid, usually two between each pair of stamens, sometimes one or absent. Linum australe is the only species in its range that is glabrous beyond the base and has connate styles. It differs from L. aristatum, which it overlaps in the southern part of the range, in being much more highly branched and having more slender capsules. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted a compact form found in sunny areas from Wyoming northward that warrants more study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

The corollas of Linum rigidum are funnelform at the base, opening out into a broader bowl. The styles and stamens are yellow, although the distinct portion of the style may be slightly maroon; the stigmas are grayish or light green. The stems of L. rigidum are angled. Its capsule walls are so thin that the dark seeds can be seen through them. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted that L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. compactum, and both varieties of L. rigidum are closely related, and that there is some overlap in character expressions, not easily resolved in a dichotomous key.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stipular glands present only at proximal nodes; stamens (3–)4–5 mm; styles (2–)2.7–3.3(–4) mm.
var. australe
1. Stipular glands present at nodes throughout plant; stamens 5–7 mm; styles 3.6–5.7 mm.
var. glandulosum
1. Stipular glands absent; styles 5–11 mm; stigmas light gray.
var. rigidum
1. Stipular glands nearly always present; styles 3–5 mm; stigmas light green.
var. simulans
Source FNA vol. 12, p. 390. FNA vol. 12, p. 391.
Parent taxa Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis
Sibling taxa
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rigidum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
L. alatum, L. allredii, L. arenicola, L. aristatum, L. australe, L. berlandieri, L. bienne, L. carteri, L. catharticum, L. compactum, L. elongatum, L. floridanum, L. grandiflorum, L. harperi, L. hudsonioides, L. imbricatum, L. intercursum, L. kingii, L. lewisii, L. lundellii, L. macrocarpum, L. medium, L. neomexicanum, L. perenne, L. pratense, L. puberulum, L. rupestre, L. schiedeanum, L. striatum, L. subteres, L. sulcatum, L. trigynum, L. usitatissimum, L. vernale, L. virginianum, L. westii
Subordinate taxa
L. australe var. australe, L. australe var. glandulosum
L. rigidum var. rigidum, L. rigidum var. simulans
Name authority A. Heller: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 627. (1898) Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 210. (1813)
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