Linum australe |
Linaceae |
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southern flax |
flax family |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, 10–50 cm, puberulent near base, otherwise glabrous. | Herbs or subshrubs [shrubs, trees, vines], annual, biennial, or perennial. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | stiffly ascending-spreading, few to many-branched. |
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Leaves | alternate, appressed; stipular glands present at basal nodes or throughout; blade linear, 7–20 × 0.5–l.9 mm, margins entire, not ciliate, apex aristate. |
alternate, opposite, or whorled, simple; stipules absent or present as small, dark, spheric glands; petiole usually absent, rarely present; blade margins entire, serrate, or denticulate; venation pinnate. |
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Inflorescences | racemes. |
terminal, racemes, panicles, or cymes (rarely thyrses or corymbs in Linum) [spikes]. |
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Pedicels | 3–15 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals deciduous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4–7 mm, margins scarious, delicately glandular-toothed, apex aristate; petals yellow to yellow-orange throughout, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 5–10 mm; stamens (3–)4–7 mm; anthers 0.4–1 mm; staminodia present or absent; styles connate nearly to apex, 2–5.7 mm; stigmas green, capitate. |
bisexual; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–5, connate basally [distinct]; petals 4–5, distinct or coherent basally, imbricate or convolute, bases sometimes with appendages; nectary extrastaminal; stamens 4–5 [10], connate basally, filament tube and petal bases adherent or adnate [free]; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, 2–5-carpellate, ovary superior, 4–5-locular, placentation axile or apical-axile; ovules 2 per locule, anatropous; styles 2–5, distinct or partly connate; stigmas 2–5. |
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Fruits | capsules, dehiscence septicidal, or indehiscent or schizocarps breaking into 4 nutlets (Sclerolinon). |
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Capsules | ovoid, 3.2–4.5 × 2.5–3.4 mm, relatively thick-walled and with characteristic thickened areas at apex in region of true septa, apex obtuse, dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments, segments persistent on plant, false septa complete, proximal part membranaceous, not terminating in loose fringe, distal part cartilaginous, margins ciliate. |
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Seeds | 2–3 × 0.8–1.3 mm. |
2 per locule, seed coat often mucilaginous. |
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Linum australe |
Linaceae |
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Distribution |
AZ; CO; MT; NM; NV; TX; UT; WY; AB; Mexico
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Bermuda; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The stems of Linum australe are strongly ridged-sulcate to ribbed, especially distally. The corollas are broadly funnelform; petals are yellow to yellow-orange; stamens and styles are yellow; stigmas are bright to olive green. Staminodia in L. australe are short, deltoid, usually two between each pair of stamens, sometimes one or absent. Linum australe is the only species in its range that is glabrous beyond the base and has connate styles. It differs from L. aristatum, which it overlaps in the southern part of the range, in being much more highly branched and having more slender capsules. C. M. Rogers (1984) noted a compact form found in sunny areas from Wyoming northward that warrants more study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 10–14, species ca. 260 (4 genera, 52 species in the flora). Two subfamilies are generally recognized in Linaceae, the mostly herbaceous, temperate Linoideae Arnott (8 genera, ca. 240 species), in which all the genera in the flora area are placed, and the woody, mostly tropical Hugonoideae Reveal. Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, J. R. McDill et al. (2009) concluded that Linaceae is a monophyletic group, as is Linoideae. According to J. R. McDill (2009), Cliococca Babington, Hesperolinon, and Sclerolinon are nested within Linum sect. Linopsis, and collectively these are sister to Radiola; Hesperolinon and Sclerolinon are most closely related to Mexican and Central American species of Linum. McDill et al. (2009) noted that the relationships within this clade are not well-enough resolved or supported to warrant nomenclatural changes; McDill (2009) came to the same conclusion based on a much wider sample of species. The current generic circumscriptions are maintained here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 390. | FNA vol. 12, p. 371. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Linaceae > Linum > sect. Linopsis | |||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | A. Heller: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 627. (1898) | de Candolle ex Perleb | ||||||||||||||||
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