Linaria purpurea |
Linaria spartea |
|
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purple toad flax |
ballast toadflax |
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Habit | Perennials, from taproot, not reproducing vegetatively by stolons. | Annuals, not reproducing vegetatively by stolons. |
Fertile stems | erect or suberect, to 71(–140) cm; sterile stems to 18 cm. |
ascending to erect, 5–31(–65) cm; sterile stems to 8(–25) cm. |
Leaves | of fertile stems: blade oblanceolate to linear, usually flat, 5–45(–60) × 0.8–4(–8) mm, apex acute or subobtuse. |
of fertile stems: blade linear, flat, 3–35(–48) × 0.5–2.5 mm, apex acute or obtuse. |
Racemes | 1–117-flowered, dense; bracts linear, 2–5(–5.5) × 0.3–1 mm. |
1–9(–25)-flowered, lax, rachis glabrous or sparsely glandular-hairy, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm; bracts linear, 3–5 × 0.5–1 mm. |
Pedicels | erect, 1–3 mm in flower, 2–4(–5) mm in fruit. |
erect, 4–7 mm in flower, 5–10 mm in fruit. |
Styles | simple; stigma entire. |
2-fid; stigma with 2 discrete areas. |
Corollas | violet to purple, with yellow or lilac palate, 9–13(–17) mm; tube 1.5–2.5 mm wide, spurs curved, 5–7(–9) mm, subequal to rest of corolla, abaxial lip sinus (0.6–)0.8–1.5(–2) mm, adaxial lip sinus 1 mm. |
yellow, 19–26(–30) mm; tube 2.5–3.5 mm wide, spurs straight or curved, 9–14(–15) mm, subequal to or longer than rest of corolla, abaxial lip sinus 1–2.5 mm, adaxial lip sinus 2–4 mm. |
Calyx | lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 mm in flower, 2–3.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm in fruit, apex acute or subacute. |
lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, 3.5–5.5 × 0.7–1.5 mm in flower, 4–6.5 × 0.8–1.8(–2.2) mm in fruit, apex acute or subacute. |
Capsules | subglobular, 2.7–4 × 2.5–3.7 mm, glabrous; loculi equal. |
oblong-ovoid, (2–)3–4.5(–5) × (1.8–)2.2–3.5(–4) mm, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent; loculi equal or subequal. |
Seeds | black or blackish brown, subtrigonous or ± tetrahedral, 0.8–1.2 × 0.6–1 mm, with longitudinal marginal ridges and anastomosed ridges or tubercles on faces; wing absent. |
gray or dark gray, reniform, 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, with conspicuous transverse ridges; wing absent. |
2n | = 12 (Europe). |
= 12 (Europe). |
Linaria purpurea |
Linaria spartea |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering Aug–Sep. |
Habitat | Disturbed places, railroad rights-of-way, beach foreshores. | Dry fields. |
Elevation | 0–1900 m. (0–6200 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; s Europe (Italy) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina), n Europe, Australia]
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CT; w Europe (s France, Portugal, Spain) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Linaria spartea is known from Fairfield County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 31. | FNA vol. 17, p. 32. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Linaria | Plantaginaceae > Linaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Antirrhinum purpureum | Antirrhinum sparteum |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Linaria no. 5. (1768) | (Linnaeus) Chazelles de Prizy: Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2: 38. (1790) |
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