Flora of North America species comparison

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Limonium sinuatum

Limonium

statice, wavyleaf sea-lavender

marsh-rosemary, rosemary, sea-lavender, statice
Habit Plants herbs, usually perennial, scapose, acaulescent; taprooted or rhizomatous.
Leaves

all in basal rosettes, living at anthesis, 6–16 × 1.5–3 cm;

petiole to ca. 5 cm, shorter than blade;

blade oblanceolate, 6–12 cm × 1.5–36 mm, herbaceous to chartaceous, base tapered to a sinuate wing, margins pinnately lobed to 1–3 mm from midrib (lobes mostly 4–6 per side, broadest near apex), apex cuspidate, cusp 1–3 mm, soon falling;

main lateral veins pinnate.

basal (sometimes also on inflorescence axes), sessile or petiolate;

blade often punctate, elliptic to obovate, oblanceolate, spatulate, oblong, or round, usually coriaceous, base usually long-attenuate, margins entire or toothed to pinnatifid, apex rounded to apiculate or retuse.
Inflorescences

axes narrowly 3–5-winged, 20–40(–50) cm × 3–5 mm, hispid (hairs to 1.5 mm), wings to 3 mm wide, each with ± leaflike, linear, hispid appendage 2–8 × 0.2–0.5 cm usually at branch points; nonflowering branches absent, spikelets moderately to densely aggregated at branch tips;

internodes mostly 5–10 mm; subtending bracts 5–10 mm, narrowly acuminate or often awned at tips, surfaces and margins hispid;

flowers 1–3 per spikelet.

usually of terminal panicles or corymbs, ultimate branch tips bearing secund, usually 1–3(–5)-flowered spikelets.
Pedicels

absent or present (very short, subtended by 3 or 4 sheathing bracts).
Flowers

calyx blue to lavender distally, funnelform, glabrous or minutely hairy on tube, lobes not distinct, expanded portion spreading, 5–7 mm, erose;

petals pale yellow, exceeding calyx 2–4 mm.

homostylous;

calyx tubular to funnelform, 5-ribbed, glabrous or pubescent, plicate, lobes oblong to triangular, sometimes with smaller intervening lobes, or lobes ± connate and calyx mouth erose;

petals nearly distinct, white, lavender, or yellow, long-clawed;

filaments adnate to base of corolla;

anthers included;

styles 5, distinct to base;

stigmas linear-clavate, papillate.
Fruits

utricles, usually exserted from persistent calyx, brownish green, usually capped by marcescent corolla and style bases.
Utricles

ca. 5 mm.

x

= 8, 9.
2n

= 16, 18.

Limonium sinuatum

Limonium
Phenology Flowering Mar–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed coastal areas, vacant lots, old fields, roadsides
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; Mediterranean region; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Worldwide; especially from Mediterranean region east to c Asia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 300 (8 in the flora).

The greatest diversity in Limonium is found in Europe (ca. 100 species and many subspecies; see S. Pignatti 1972) and in Mediterranean and central Asian regions, often on saline or calcareous soils and cliffs near the coasts; other species are found in saline marshlands. The showiest species (L. arborescens and L. perezii), with a persistent blue-purple to lavender calyx, have their origin in the Canary Islands; they are often cultivated for ornament or their inflorescences are air-dried for floral arrangements under their Linnaean name “Statice.” Other species have been used in rock gardens. Six species are locally naturalized in California.

Limonium vulgare Miller (Statice limonium Linnaeus), similar morphologically to L. carolinianum, has been reported by H. J. Scoggan (1978–1979, part 4) from central Saskatchewan and southern Ontario (“in a weedy...cemetery...York Co., where ‘growing without cultivation’”). It is doubtful that the species persists or is spreading. Recent revisitation of the site in Ontario by J. E. Eckenwalder (pers. comm.) suggests that Limonium vulgare is no longer extant there. Limonium leptostachyum (Boissier) Kuntze (S. leptostachya Boissier) has been reported from New York by R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker (1997); it is doubtful that this central Asian species is naturalized in the flora area. It differs from all other species in the flora area by having small (10–30 × 5 mm), deeply pinnatifid leaves and narrow, spikelike inflorescences.

Some species of Limonium, e.g., L. sinuatum, have dimorphic pollen and stigmas that result in self-incompatibility, although the native species in the flora area have been shown to be self-compatible (H. G. Baker 1953b). Agamospermy is also common in some extraterritorial species, and this may account, in part, for the taxonomic difficulty in some groups of Limonium.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Leaf blade margins pinnately lobed; inflorescence axes with 3-5 wings, these with linear leaflike appendages 2-8 × 0.2-0.5 cm and stiff, stout hairs to ca. 1.5 mm
L. sinuatum
1. Leaf blade margins ± entire or obscurely undulate; inflorescence axes not winged, or if winged, then wings 2(-3), linear leaflike appendages absent, glabrous
→ 2
2. Inflorescences with some nonflowering branches
L. otolepis
2. Inflorescences with all (or nearly all) branches bearing flowers
→ 3
3. Inflorescences greater than 1 m, axes strongly winged, wings leaflike, veined
L. arborescens
3. Inflorescences less than 1 m, axes not winged
→ 4
4. Calyces blue-purple distally; leaf blades round to broadly ovate or subcordate, bases abruptly narrowed, nearly as broad as long; floral bracts ciliate or fimbriate on margins; coastal s California
L. perezii
4. Calyces whitish distally; leaf blades obovate to oblong or oblanceolate, bases gradually tapered; floral bracts glabrous at margins; widespread
→ 5
5. Leaf blades less than 4 × 1.5 cm, each with single midrib and sometimes 2 lesser, ± parallel veins; petals pink to lavender, exserted 2-3 mm from calyx;calyx ribs glabrous; coastal salt marshes of s California
L. ramosissimum
5. Leaf blades more than 4 × 1.5 cm, pinnately veined; petals lavender or whitish, exserted 0-2 mm from calyx; calyx ribs often pilose, sometimes glabrous; widespread
→ 6
6. Calyx lobes spreading at maturity; spikelets always densely aggregated at tips of inflorescence branches; inland alkaline areas
L. limbatum
6. Calyx lobes ascending or erect at maturity; spikelets not aggregated, or loosely to moderately or densely aggregated along inflorescence branches; coastal salt marshes or flats
→ 7
7. Spikelets loosely to moderately densely aggregated along inflorescence branches; leaf blade apices cuspidate, cusps 1-3 mm,soon falling; Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains
L. carolinianum
7. Spikelets moderately to densely aggregated along inflorescence branches; leaf blade apices rounded or, occasionally, retuse at tips, rarely cuspidate (cusps less than 0.5 mm); California and Oregoncoasts, Arizona, s Nevada
L. californicum
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 609. FNA vol. 5, p. 606. Author: Alan R. Smith.
Parent taxa Plumbaginaceae > Limonium Plumbaginaceae
Sibling taxa
L. arborescens, L. californicum, L. carolinianum, L. limbatum, L. otolepis, L. perezii, L. ramosissimum
Subordinate taxa
L. arborescens, L. californicum, L. carolinianum, L. limbatum, L. otolepis, L. perezii, L. ramosissimum, L. sinuatum
Synonyms Statice sinuata
Name authority (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Limonium no. 6. (1768) Miller: Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 2. (1754)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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