Lilium parryi |
Lilium iridollae |
|
---|---|---|
lemon lily, Parry lily |
panhandle lily, pot-of-gold lily |
|
Bulbs | rhizomatous, unbranched, continuously scaly, 1.5–4.7 × 3.5–11 cm, 0.2–0.6 times taller than long; scales (1–)2(–4)-segmented, longest 0.9–3.7 cm; stem roots absent. |
rhizomatous, often branching, 1.4–2.9 × 9.6–18 cm, 0.1–0.3 times taller than long, 3–4 years’ growth evident as annual bulbs, older growth often with perpendicular thin branches leading to small new bulbs and always with noticeable abscission scars, youngest 3 years’ growth bearing basal leaves, scaleless sections between annual bulbs 2.7–5.4 cm; scales unsegmented, longest 1–2 cm; stem roots present or absent. |
Stems | to 1.9 m. Buds rounded in cross section. |
to 2 m. Buds ± triangular in cross section. |
Leaves | occasionally scattered in young plants or in 1–5 whorls or partial whorls, 3–18 leaves per whorl, ± horizontal and drooping at tips or ascending, 7.8–29 × 0.5–4.9 cm, 2.6–29 times longer than wide; blade elliptic to narrowly linear, or ± obovate, often lanceolate in distal leaves, margins not undulate, apex acute, often narrowly so; veins and margins ± smooth abaxially. |
in 1–5 whorls or partial whorls, 3–10 leaves per whorl, ascending, sometimes only slightly, or occasionally ± horizontal and drooping slightly at tips, 3.1–15.7 × 0.5–3.6 cm, 2.1–9.3 times longer than wide; blade weakly to sometimes narrowly oblanceolate, occasionally obovate, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, margins not undulate, apex acute, acuminate in distal leaves; central vein in particular impressed adaxially, veins and margins often somewhat roughened abaxially with tiny ± deltoid epidermal spicules. |
Inflorescences | racemose, 1–31-flowered. |
umbellate or rarely racemose, 1–4-flowered. |
Flowers | opening before dusk, horizontal or somewhat nodding, slightly bilaterally symmetric, strongly fragrant; perianth funnelform; sepals and petals recurved 3/5 along length from base, lower less recurved than upper and forming landing platform, bright yellow with sparse, usually minute maroon spots, not distinctly clawed; sepals not ridged abaxially, oblanceolate, 7.7–10.7 × 1.1–1.7 cm; petals noticeably wider than sepals, often very wide distally, 7.8–10.6 × 1.1–2.1 cm, apex widely acute or sometimes obtuse; stamens barely exserted; filaments barely spreading, diverging at 5°–12°; anthers pale magenta-brown, 0.8–1.4 cm; pollen rust-orange or orange-brown; pistil 5.3–9.3 cm; ovary 1.6–2.9 cm; style green, often pale; pedicel 2–17.5 cm. |
pendent, not fragrant; perianth Turk’s-cap-shaped; sepals and petals reflexed less than 1/5 along length from base, yellow-orange or yellow, sometimes orange-yellow, often suffused with red distally, spotted maroon, often nearly to apex, not distinctly clawed, nectaries exposed, forming visible green star; sepals with 2 parallel, often faint abaxial ridges, 6.2–10.2 × 1.1–1.8 cm; petals 6.1–10 × 1.2–2.2 cm; stamens strongly exserted; filaments parallel along much of length, then widely spreading, diverging 14°–31° from axis; anthers magenta, 1–1.6 cm; pollen rust or sometimes rust-orange; pistil 4.7–6.8 cm; ovary 1.5–2.5 cm; style very pale green, often spotted purple near apex; pedicel 10–23 cm. |
Capsules | 3.9–5.9 × 1.1–1.7 cm, 2.5–4.4 times longer than wide. |
2.5–5 × 1.7–3 cm, 1.2–2.2 times longer than wide. |
Seeds | 141–303. |
not counted. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Lilium parryi |
Lilium iridollae |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (late May–early Sep). | Flowering summer (late Jul–late Aug). |
Habitat | Meadows, streams, and willow (Salix spp.) thickets in mixed conifer forests | Streamsides, bogs, and seeps in wet pine woodlands, hardwood baygall scrub, wet roadside ditches, associated with pitcher plants (Sarracenia spp.) |
Elevation | 1300–2600 m (4300–8500 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA
|
AL; FL
|
Discussion | Plants in Arizona start to bloom in May (T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles 1960), while the majority of California plants flower in July and August. Plants from the San Gabriel Mountains of California sometimes have wider leaves and have been given status as Lilium parryi var. kessleri, but this variation is due primarily to the rather shaded habitat of many of these populations. No significant vegetative discontinuity can be recognized across the range of this species, so no varieties are recognized here. Lilium parryi probably arose from an ancestor in common with L. pardalinum (M. W. Skinner 1988), and subsequently diverged to become pollinated by various hawkmoths (family Sphingidae). The flowers are remarkably similar in form and function to those of L. washingtonianum, which is also moth-pollinated, but this resemblance is due to evolutionary convergence. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. As its vernacular name indicates, the panhandle lily is restricted to a small area in the western Florida panhandle and adjacent Alabama, where it has been much reduced in number by land-clearing for pasture and housing. It is now under consideration for federal protection. Lilium iridollae is allopatrically distributed with its close relative L. superbum, though the latter occurs within 40 miles of the northernmost populations of the panhandle lily. Blooming times are staggered, L. iridollae typically starting to bloom as L. superbum is finishing. Diagnostic features include the usually brighter flower color, less numerous, shorter, noticeably though subtly oblanceolate leaves in five or fewer whorls (L. superbum has six or more), and few flowers, as well as very long rhizomes with basal leaves, as much as four years’ visible growth, and extended scaleless sections between the annual growth bulbs. Lilium iridollae is pollinated by all the larger swallowtail butterflies within its limited range, especially the spicebush (Papilio troilus Linnaeus, family Papilionidae), eastern tiger (Papilio glaucus, Linnaeus), and palamedes [Papilio palamedes (Drury)]. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 191. | FNA vol. 26, p. 193. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Lilium | Liliaceae > Lilium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. parryi var. kessleri | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci. 2: 188. (1878) | M. G. Henry: Bartonia 24: 2. (1947) |
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