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cat-tail gayfeather, prairie blazing star, prairie gayfeather, thick-spike blazing star

rough blazing star, rough gayfeather, tall blazing star

Habit Plants (40–)60–120(–180) cm. Plants 30–180 cm.
Stems

glabrous or densely piloso-puberulent.

hispidulous-puberulent.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline 3–5-nerved, linear to narrowly oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 110–220 × 4–10(–12) mm, gradually then abruptly reduced distally (bractlike proximal to heads), essentially glabrous or sparsely pilose to densely piloso-puberulent, weakly gland-dotted (bases of basal usually fibrous-persistent).

basal (usually withering before flowering) and proximal cauline 1-nerved, broadly oblanceolate to elliptic- or lanceolate-spatulate to linear-lanceolate, 80–250 × (4–)6–25 mm, gradually or abruptly reduced distally, essentially glabrous or sparsely or densely puberulent-hispidulous, ± gland-dotted (distal especially).

Peduncles

usually 0, rarely (spreading to ascending) 1–2 mm.

0 or (ascending to spreading or deflexed) 1–5(–10) mm.

Involucres

campanulate-cylindric, 7–9(–10) × 3.5–5 mm.

campanulate-hemispheric to turbinate-campanulate, (9–)10–16 × 10–20 mm.

Florets

(4–)5–8;

corolla tubes glabrous inside.

(14–)18–24(–30);

corolla tubes pilose inside.

Phyllaries

(reflexed or curving-spreading) in 4–5 series, oblong-lanceolate, unequal, essentially glabrous or ± pilose, margins with hyaline borders, sometimes ciliate, apices usually acute to acute-acuminate (sometimes distally dilated, nearly petaloid).

usually in 4–5 series, (outer or outer and middle usually reflexed) broadly obovate to oblong-spatulate, unequal, essentially glabrous, margins with relatively broad, whitish-hyaline, irregular to erose or lacerate borders (especially on the distal 1/3), strongly bullate (with a sharp, low, rounded buttress delimiting the hyaline border), apices usually rounded to subtruncate.

Heads

in dense, spiciform arrays.

in loose, spiciform arrays.

Cypselae

3.8–4.5(–5) mm;

pappi: lengths ± equaling corollas, bristles barbellate.

(3.5–)4.5–6 mm;

pappi: lengths ± equaling corollas, bristles barbellate.

Corms

globose, sometimes becoming elongate rhizomes.

globose.

2n

= 20.

Liatris pycnostachya

Liatris aspera

Phenology Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Prairies, barrens, old fields, sand dunes, ridges, fields, stream bottoms, sandstone outcrops, limestone ridges, hills, oak, oak-juniper, and oak-pine woodlands, jack pine, sand, silt loam
Elevation 50–500(–900) m (200–1600(–3000) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MI; MN; MO; MS; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TX; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; OH; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Plants of Liatris aspera from the Dakotas, Minnesota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Kansas have consistently sparsely to densely puberulent-hispidulous leaves (var. aspera); those to the east usually have glabrous leaves (var. intermedia); variation in vestiture occurs in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana and identities in this large area would have to be arbitrary or typological if varieties were formally recognized. Variety salutans was recognized by Shinners on the basis of its deflexed (versus horizontal or ascending) heads; such plants occur in Texas, western Louisiana, and adjacent areas of Arkansas and Oklahoma.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corms globose; stems usually glabrous or sparsely pilose except near heads (where sparsely piloso-puberulent); leaves glabrous
var. pycnostachya
1. Corms globose to elongate; stems moderately to densely piloso-puberulent; leaves moderately to densely piloso-puberulent to nearly glabrous
var. lasiophylla
Source FNA vol. 21. FNA vol. 21, p. 533.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Liatris Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Liatris
Sibling taxa
L. acidota, L. aestivalis, L. aspera, L. bracteata, L. chapmanii, L. cokeri, L. compacta, L. cylindracea, L. cymosa, L. elegans, L. elegantula, L. garberi, L. gholsonii, L. glandulosa, L. gracilis, L. helleri, L. hirsuta, L. laevigata, L. lancifolia, L. ligulistylis, L. microcephala, L. ohlingerae, L. oligocephala, L. patens, L. pauciflora, L. pilosa, L. provincialis, L. punctata, L. savannensis, L. scariosa, L. spicata, L. squarrosa, L. squarrulosa, L. tenuifolia, L. tenuis, L. virgata
L. acidota, L. aestivalis, L. bracteata, L. chapmanii, L. cokeri, L. compacta, L. cylindracea, L. cymosa, L. elegans, L. elegantula, L. garberi, L. gholsonii, L. glandulosa, L. gracilis, L. helleri, L. hirsuta, L. laevigata, L. lancifolia, L. ligulistylis, L. microcephala, L. ohlingerae, L. oligocephala, L. patens, L. pauciflora, L. pilosa, L. provincialis, L. punctata, L. pycnostachya, L. savannensis, L. scariosa, L. spicata, L. squarrosa, L. squarrulosa, L. tenuifolia, L. tenuis, L. virgata
Subordinate taxa
L. pycnostachya var. lasiophylla, L. pycnostachya var. pycnostachya
Synonyms Lacinaria pycnostachya Lacinaria scariosa var. intermedia, L. aspera var. intermedia, L. aspera var. salutans, L. spheroidea var. salutans
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 91. (1803) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 92. (1803)
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