Liatris chapmanii
Liatris squarrulosa
Chapman's blazing star, Chapman's gayfeather
Appalachian blazing star, Appalachian gayfeather, southern gayfeather, tall gayfeather
hirtellous.
puberulent.
basal and proximal cauline 1-nerved, spatulate-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 40–150(–180) × 4–8(–11) mm, abruptly reduced (linear, 1–2 mm wide), then gradually reduced distally, essentially glabrous or hirtellous (sometimes mostly along abaxial midveins), gland-dotted.
basal and proximal cauline 1-nerved, usually oblanceolate- to elliptic-spatulate to oblanceolate, 80–290 × 12–25(–45) mm, abruptly, then little or gradually, reduced distally, essentially glabrous or puberulent or hirtellous-hispidulous, weakly, if at all, gland-dotted.
0.
usually 0, sometimes (ascending to spreading or deflexed) 2–8(–30) mm.
cylindric, 8–12 × 3.5–5 mm.
turbinate to turbinate-campanulate or campanulate-cylindric, (6–)8–12 × (6–)8–15 mm.
3–4;
corolla tubes glabrous inside.
11–26(–28);
corolla tubes pilose inside.
in 3(–4) series, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, unequal, usually glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent, margins with hyaline borders, apices acute to acuminate.
in 4–5(–6) series, (usually spreading to distally reflexed, sometimes erect) obovate to oblong-spatulate, unequal, essentially glabrous or puberulent to puberulent-hirtellous, margins sometimes with relatively narrow, weakly differentiated hyaline borders, apices acute to obtuse (at least outer) or rounded (mid and inner).
(appressed, overlapping) in dense, spiciform arrays.
in loose to dense, racemiform to spiciform arrays.
(3–)4–6 mm;
pappi: lengths ± equaling corollas, bristles barbellate.
(3–)3.5–5.5(–6) mm;
pappi: lengths ± equaling corollas, bristles barbellate.
globose to elongate.
globose.
= 20.
Liatris chapmanii
Liatris squarrulosa
Liatris squarrulosa occurs across a range of habitats and exhibits much variation in habit, vestiture, and head size (involucral dimensions, numbers of florets, lengths of cypselae); it has not been possible in herbarium study to discern discrete geographic patterns. Plants in South Carolina (including the type of L. squarrulosa) are shorter, leaves and phyllaries are consistently glabrous or sparsely puberulent, involucres are (6–)7–10 × 6–10 mm, and mid to inner phyllaries usually are narrowly oblong. Westward and northward, plants are taller, leaves and phyllaries characteristically have more strongly elaborated vestiture (although considerable variation exists and glabrous plants are scattered nearly through the range), heads range larger, and phyllaries vary from broadly obovate to oblong-spatulate. An overview of head size is indicated by the following measurement samples: South Carolina—florets 12–16, cypselae (3–)3.5–4 mm; Georgia (including the type of L. earlei)—florets (11–)14–21, cypselae 4–5 mm; Alabama—florets 11–20, cypselae 3.5–5(–6) mm; Illinois (including the type of L. scabra) and Tennessee—florets 16–24, cypselae 3.5–5.5 mm; Louisiana—florets 16–21, cypselae 3.5–5 mm; Arkansas—florets (13–)21–26, cypselae 3.5–5 mm. Plants apparently disjunct in a cluster of north-central North Carolina counties have glabrous phyllaries and leaves, large heads, and the phyllaries are broad, more like plants to the west than those southward.
Populations in southwestern North Carolina (Cherokee, Clay, Macon, and Swain counties) and adjacent Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia appear to combine features of Liatris squarrulosa and L. scariosa var. scariosa. The plants are within the range of L. squarrulosa and disjunct from L. scariosa. The habit (large basal leaves, few cauline) is common to both taxa; heads are sessile to short-pedunculate (as in L. squarrulosa) and phyllaries are usually erect (the outer triangular and sometimes reflexing) and slightly broader than is characteristic of L. squarrulosa and often have a narrow hyaline border. These add further heterogeneity to the concept of L. squarrulosa, as circumscribed here; they may represent a separate evolutionary entity. The type of L. ruthii Alexander (an illegitimate name) from Tennessee is this form.
Hybrids:
Liatris species readily form hybrids. Named hybrids and their presumed parentals are:
Liatris ×boykinii Torrey & A. Gray; Lacinaria boykinii (Torrey & A. Gray) Kuntze—L. elegans × L. tenuifolia
Liatris ×creditonensis Gaiser—L. ligulistylis × L. squarrosa var. glabrata (known only from garden-grown plants)
Liatris ×deamii (Lunell) Shinners; Lacinaria deamii Lunell; Liatris scariosa (Linnaeus) Willdenow var. deamii (Lunell) Peattie—L. aspera? × L. ligulistylis?
Liatris ×fallacior (Lunell) Rydberg; Lacinaria fallacior Lunell—L. ligulistylis × L. punctata
Liatris ×freemaniana J. R. Allison—L. cylindracea × L. oligocephala
Liatris ×frostii Gaiser—L. aspera × L. pycnostachya
Liatris ×gladewitzii (Farwell) Shinners; Lacinaria gladewitzii Farwell—L. aspera × L. cylindracea
Liatris ×macdanieliana J. R. Allison—L. cylindracea × L. squarrosa
Liatris ×ridgwayi Standley—L. pycnostachya × L. squarrosa
Liatris ×spheroidea Michaux; Lacinaria aspera (Michaux) Greene var. spheroidea (Michaux) Alexander—L. aspera × L. ligulistylis? (fide L. O. Gaiser 1946)
Liatris ×steelei Gaiser—L. aspera × L. spicata
Liatris ×weaveri Shinners—L. aspera × L. punctata (known only from garden-grown plants)
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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