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American dunegrass, American lyme grass, dune wildrye, dunegrass, elyme des sables d'amerique, sea lyme-grass, seigle de mer

alkali wildrye

Habit Plants not cespitose, strongly rhizomatous, occasionally slightly glaucous. Plants not cespitose, strongly rhizomatous, often glaucous.
Culms

12-170 cm tall, 3-6 mm thick, usually densely pubescent below the spikes for 10-40+ mm.

35-75 cm tall, 1-2.5 mm thick, solitary or few together, glabrous or sparsely pubescent near the nodes.

Leaves

exceeded by the spikes;

auricles to 0.7 mm;

ligules 0.2-2.5 mm;

blades 10-94 cm long, 3-15 mm wide, adaxial surfaces scabridulous to scabrous, 20-40-veined, veins subequal, prominently ribbed, closely spaced.

exceeded by the spikes;

sheaths glabrous, smooth;

auricles infrequently present, to 0.8 mm, the auricular location often with hairs to 2 mm;

ligules 0.3-0.5 mm, truncate, erose;

blades 4-29 cm long, 1-2(5) mm wide, flat, becoming involute when dry, stiff, adaxial surfaces scabrous, with scattered hairs to 2 mm, veins 7-11, subequal, prominently ribbed.

Spikes

5-34 cm long, 10-20 mm wide, with 3-33 nodes, usually with 2 spikelets per node;

internodes 4.5-9.5 mm, surfaces and edges similar, hairs on the surfaces 0.1-0.5 mm, on the edges to 0.7 mm.

1.5-27 cm long, 4-15 mm wide, with 1 spikelet per node at midspike, sometimes with 2 at the lower nodes;

internodes 7-20 mm, surfaces glabrous or strigillose, edges ciliate, cilia to 1 mm.

Spikelets

15-34 mm, with 3-6 florets.

16-25 mm, pedicellate, pedicels 1-2(5) mm, with 3-12 florets.

Glumes

9-34 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, lanceolate, tapering from midlength or above, flat or rounded on the back, flexible, usually strigillose to pilose or villous, rarely almost glabrous, the central portion scarcely thicker than the margins, 3(5)-veined at midlength, apices acute;

lemmas 11-20 mm, densely hairy, hairs 0.5-1 mm, soft, apices acute, unawned;

anthers 4-9 mm, dehiscent.

subequal, 8-12 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, subulate, tapering from about 1/4 of their length, stiff, glabrous at least at the base, the central portion thicker than the margins, keeled, 0-1(3)-veined, veins inconspicuous at midlength;

lemmas 7-12 mm, glabrous, awned, awns 2.3-6.5(12) mm;

anthers 3.7-4.5 mm, dehiscent.

2n

= 28.

Leymus mollis

Leymus simplex

Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; IL; MA; ME; MI; NH; OR; PA; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; NV; OR; UT; WY
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Leymus mollis is native to Asia and North America. It is treated here as having two very similar subspecies that have somewhat different ranges. The subspecies are sometimes treated as separate species, but they may be little more than environmentally induced variants. Both subspecies grow primarily on coastal beaches, close to the high tide line, and along some inland waterways, particularly in the arctic. Reports of L. ajanensis (V.N. Vassil.) Tzvelev from North America are based on specimens of L. mollis (D. Murray, University of Alaska, pers. comm. 2006).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Leymus simplex is found in meadows and drifting sand in southern Wyoming, and along the Green River in northeastern Utah.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Spikes 12-34 cm long, with 12-33 nodes; basal blades 5-15 mm wide; culms 50-170 cm tall
subsp. mollis
1. Spikes 5-13(16) cm long, with 3-14 nodes; basal blades 3-8 mm wide; culms 12-70 cm tall
subsp. villosissimus
1. Culms 55-75 cm tall; spikes 10-27 cm long; internodes 10-20 mm
var. luxurians
1. Culms 35-55 cm tall; spikes 1.5-13 cm long; internodes 7-9 mm
var. simplex
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 356. FNA vol. 24, p. 359.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Leymus Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Triticeae > Leymus
Sibling taxa
L. ambiguus, L. angustus, L. arenarius, L. californicus, L. cinereus, L. condensatus, L. flavescens, L. innovatus, L. multicaulis, L. pacificus, L. racemosus, L. salina, L. simplex, L. triticoides, L. ×multiflorus, L. ×vancouverensis
L. ambiguus, L. angustus, L. arenarius, L. californicus, L. cinereus, L. condensatus, L. flavescens, L. innovatus, L. mollis, L. multicaulis, L. pacificus, L. racemosus, L. salina, L. triticoides, L. ×multiflorus, L. ×vancouverensis
Subordinate taxa
L. mollis subsp. mollis, L. mollis subsp. villosissimus
L. simplex var. luxurians, L. simplex var. simplex
Synonyms Elymus mollis, Elymus arenarius var. villosus, Elymus arenarius var. mollis, Elymus arenarius subsp. mollis Elymus simplex var. luxurians, Elymus simplex
Name authority (Trin.) Pilg. (Scribn. & T.A. Williams) D.R. Dewey
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