Flora of North America species comparison

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Lewisia rediviva

Portulacaceae
Lewisia rediviva

bitter root, bitterroot lewisia, resurrection flower

purslane family
Habit Subshrubs [shrubs] or herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, often succulent or fleshy.
Taproots

gradually ramified distally.

Stems

procumbent to erect, 1–3 cm.

Leaves

basal leaves withering at or soon after anthesis, sessile, blade linear to clavate, subterete or grooved adaxially, 0.5–5 cm, margins entire, apex obtuse to subacute;

cauline leaves absent.

opposite, subopposite, or alternate and sometimes secund, sometimes rosulate or subrosulate, exstipulate (except Portulaca and Talinopsis, with nodal or axillary hairs regarded as stipular);

blade margins mostly entire, occasionally dentate to crisped.
Inflorescences

with flowers borne singly;

bracts 4–7(–8), whorled, subulate to linear-lanceolate, 4–10 mm, margins entire, apex acuminate.

axillary or terminal, cymose, racemose, paniculate, or umbellate, sometimes glomerate, spikelike, or with flowers solitary, open to congested.
Flowers

pedicellate, disarticulate in fruit;

sepals (4–)6–9, broadly elliptic to ovate, 10–25 mm, scarious after anthesis, margins entire to somewhat erose, apex obtuse to rounded;

petals 10–19, usually rose to pink, sometimes lavender, sometimes with paler or white centers, or wholly white, elliptic, oblong, or narrowly oblanceolate, 15–35 mm;

stamens 20–50;

stigmas 4–9;

pedicel (1–)3–15(–30) mm.

mostly radially symmetric, sometimes slightly irregular (in Montia);

sepals 2–9;

petals (1–)2–19 or sometimes absent, distinct or connate basally;

stamens 1–many, opposite and sometimes basally adnate to petals;

gynoecium 2–9-carpelled;

ovary 1, superior (half-inferior to inferior in Portulaca), 1-locular throughout or initially plurilocular and becoming 1-locular distally (in Portulaca), placentation basal or free-central, ovules 1-many;

style present, sometimes branched, or absent;

stigmas 1–9.
Fruits

capsular.
Capsules

5–6 mm.

Seeds

6–25, 2–2.5 mm, shiny, minutely papillate.

smooth or sculptured, with or without strophioles or elaiosomes.
x

= 4–9, 11, 13, 15, 23.
2n

= 26, 28.

Lewisia rediviva

Portulacaceae
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Primarily Southern Hemisphere; poorly represented in Eurasia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Native Americans commonly ate the boiled roots of Lewisia rediviva.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 20–30, species ca. 500 (9 genera, 91 species in the flora).

The eastern New World species of Portulacaceae seem to have a closer relationship with the African species, and the western New World species a closer one with the Australian species, than the two New World groups have with each other to each other.

The outer perianth segments, referred to herein as sepals, are held by some (e.g., T. Eckardt 1976) to be modified bracteoles, the petals then representing the true sepals. However, the traditional interpretation, adopted here and in most North American floras, still finds current support (R. C. Carolin 1987). A comparable situation prevails with respect to the cauline leaves in Claytonia and other genera, which are widely interpreted to be foliaceous bracts (R. C. Carolin 1987); here again, as is appropriate in a descriptive context, the traditional terminology is employed. In Talinopsis and Portulaca, the stipular nature of the nodal or axillary hairs also has been a matter of discussion. The question was revisited by R. Geesink (1969), who denied their stipular origin.

The relationships of the family are not a matter of dispute (A. Cronquist 1981; R. C. Carolin 1987); the same cannot be said for the relationships and delimitations of the genera, which have always been labile. They are, at present, the subject of active research, which has led to the current acceptance of Phemeranthus and Cistanthe. Changes in the generic classification are discussed in the treatments of the genera concerned.

Because of the uncertain relationships, the genera and species are listed alphabetically.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Basal leaf blades clavate to narrowly oblanceolate, grooved adaxially; sepals 10-12(-15) mm; petals 15mm; stamens 20-30
var. minor
1. Basal leaf blades linear, subterete, not grooved adaxially; sepals 15-25 mm; petals 18-35 mm; stamens 30-50
var. rediviva
1. Ovary half-inferior to inferior
Portulaca
1. Ovary superior
→ 2
2. Subshrubs; stem nodes pubescent
Talinopsis
2. Herbs; stem nodes glabrous
→ 3
3. Capsule dehiscence circumscissile, valves longitudinally dehiscent from base
→ 4
3. Capsule dehiscence not circumscissile, valves longitudinally dehiscent from apex
→ 5
4. Petals 25-40 mm; seeds strophiolate; nc Washington to extreme sc British Columbia
Cistanthe
4. Petals 4-26 mm (15-35 mm in Lewisia rediviva); seeds estrophiolate; more widespread
Lewisia
5. Stigmas 2; capsule valves 2
Cistanthe
5. Stigmas 1 or 3; capsule valves 2-3
→ 6
6. Sepals mostly deciduous; inflorescences not appearing secund; leaves articulate at base, attachment points round, not clasping; capsule valves wholly or partly deciduous
→ 7
6. Sepals persistent; inflorescences somewhat to markedly secund (at least distally); leaves not articulate at base, attachment points linear, somewhat to markedly clasping; capsule valves not deciduous
→ 8
7. Leaf blades broadly planate, 1-7 cm wide; capsules tardily dehiscent, valves or portions of them sometimes persistent; exocarp and endocarp distinctly differentiated, sometimes separating; seeds minutely tuberculate or striolate, strophiolate, not covered by membrane
Talinum
7. Leaf blades terete or semiterete, 1-3 mm wide, (narrowly planate, 1[-2] cm wide in Phemeranthus aurantiacus); capsules promptly dehiscent, valves deciduous; exocarp and endocarp not evidently differentiated and not separating; seeds smooth, rugulose, or distinctly ridged, estrophiolate, covered by thin, fleshy to chartaceous membrane
Phemeranthus
8. Ovules and seeds (1-)7-40
→ 9
8. Ovules 3 or 6; seeds 1-6
→ 10
9. Leaves and sepals sometimes with elongate, unicellular hairs; sepals distinctly angular or keeled; capsule valves reflexed after dehiscence, margins markedly involute
Calandrinia
9. Leaves and sepals without elongate, unicellular hairs; sepals not distinctly angled or keeled; capsule valves not reflexed after dehiscence, margins not markedly involute
Cistanthe
10. Cauline leaves 2 (rarely 3 in whorl), distinct or partially or completely connate; ovules 3 or 6
Claytonia
10. Cauline leaves more than 2, distinct; ovules 3
Montia
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 484. FNA vol. 4, p. 457. Author: John G. Packer.
Parent taxa Portulacaceae > Lewisia
Sibling taxa
L. brachycalyx, L. cantelovii, L. columbiana, L. congdonii, L. cotyledon, L. disepala, L. kelloggii, L. leeana, L. longipetala, L. maguirei, L. nevadensis, L. oppositifolia, L. pygmaea, L. stebbinsii, L. triphylla
Subordinate taxa
L. rediviva var. minor, L. rediviva var. rediviva
Calandrinia, Cistanthe, Claytonia, Lewisia, Montia, Phemeranthus, Portulaca, Talinopsis, Talinum
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 368. (1814) Adanson
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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