The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links
Lewisia cotyledon

cliff lewisia, cliff maids, Siskiyou lewisia

alpine lewisia, dwarf lewisia, least, pigmy bitter root, pygmy bitterroot

Taproots

gradually ramified distally.

gradually ramified distally or shortly fusiform, rarely subnapiform.

Stems

ascending to suberect, 10–12(–30) cm.

± prostrate or suberect, becoming reflexed in fruit, 1–6 cm.

Leaves

basal leaves evergreen, sessile or abruptly or gradually narrowed to broad petiole, blade oblanceolate, obovate, spatulate, or rarely ± linear or ± orbiculate, ± flattened, 3–14 cm, margins entire, crisped, or toothed, apex truncate, emarginate, retuse, or rounded;

cauline leaves alternate, intergrading with bracts, blade oblong to ovate, 5–10 mm, margins glandular-toothed, apex acute to occasionally obtuse.

basal leaves withering at or soon after anthesis, ± sessile or gradually tapered to long petiole, blade linear to linear-oblanceolate, ± flattened, 3–9 cm, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse;

cauline leaves absent.

Inflorescences

dense, paniculate to subumbellate cymes, 10–50-flowered;

bracts alternate or opposite proximally, 2 at each flowering node distally, obovate to lanceolate, 2–4 mm, margins glandular-toothed, apex acute.

2–4(–7)-flowered in racemose cymes or with flowers borne singly;

bracts 2, opposite, plus 1 subtending each successive flower if more than 1 flower, linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, (2–)4–10 mm, margins glandular-toothed, sometimes eglandular-toothed, apex acute.

Flowers

pedicellate, not disarticulate in fruit;

sepals 2, suborbiculate to broadly ovate, 4–6 mm, herbaceous at anthesis, margins glandular-toothed, apex obtuse to truncate;

petals 7–10, usually pink-purple with pale and darker stripes, less often white, cream with pink-orange stripes, ± orange, or yellow, oblanceolate, obovate, or spatulate, (8–)12–20 mm;

stamens 5–12;

stigmas 2–4;

pedicel 2–5 mm.

pedicellate, not disarticulate in fruit, 1.5–2 cm diam.;

sepals 2, suborbiculate, broadly ovate, or obovate, 2–6 mm, herbaceous at anthesis, margins usually glandular-toothed, sometimes eglandular-toothed or rarely ± entire, apex usually truncate, sometimes rounded, obtuse, subacute, or apiculate;

petals 5–9, white, pink, or magenta, sometimes green at base, narrowly oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4–10 mm;

stamens (4–)5–8;

stigmas 3–6;

pedicel 2–5(–10) mm.

Capsules

3–5 mm.

4–5 mm.

Seeds

4–15, 1.5 mm, shiny, smooth.

15–24, 1–2 mm, shiny, smooth.

2n

= ca. 66.

Lewisia cotyledon

Lewisia pygmaea

Phenology Flowering late spring–late summer.
Habitat Open places in short turf or gravelly or rocky substrates
Elevation 2300-4200 m [7500-13800 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

The varieties occasionally co-occur. Natural hybrids with Lewisia leeana are known (see discussion under 8. L. leeana).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The circumscription and diagnosis of Lewisia pygmaea is problematic because of morphologic variability, intermediacy, and/or hybridization with L. nevadensis (see L. T. Dempster 1990). In the range of typical forms of L. nevadensis (see discussion under 11. L. nevadensis), one or more forms of L. pygmaea will also occur, but at higher elevations. Segregates of L. pygmaea recognized elsewhere as species include L. glandulosa, which occurs in rocky substrates above 3000 m in the central and southern Sierra Nevada and is characterized by elongate, sinuous taproots (L. T. Dempster 1990); and L. sierrae, which occurs in moist flats above 2400 m in the central Sierra Nevada and includes diminutive plants with irregularly eglandular-toothed (occasionally entire) sepals (B. Mathew 1989b). Dempster postulated that the variable and widely distributed L. pygmaea represents a hybrid species derived from L. nevadensis and L. glandulosa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal leaf blade margins entire or slightly undulate, not toothed or crisped; petals (8-)12-14 mm
var. cotyledon
1. Basal leaf blade margins strongly crisped or toothed; petals 12-20 mm
→ 2
2. Basal leaf blade margins toothed.
var. heckneri
2. Basal leaf blade margins strongly crisped
var. howellii
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 480. FNA vol. 4, p. 483.
Parent taxa Portulacaceae > Lewisia Portulacaceae > Lewisia
Sibling taxa
L. brachycalyx, L. cantelovii, L. columbiana, L. congdonii, L. disepala, L. kelloggii, L. leeana, L. longipetala, L. maguirei, L. nevadensis, L. oppositifolia, L. pygmaea, L. rediviva, L. stebbinsii, L. triphylla
L. brachycalyx, L. cantelovii, L. columbiana, L. congdonii, L. cotyledon, L. disepala, L. kelloggii, L. leeana, L. longipetala, L. maguirei, L. nevadensis, L. oppositifolia, L. rediviva, L. stebbinsii, L. triphylla
Subordinate taxa
L. cotyledon var. cotyledon, L. cotyledon var. heckneri, L. cotyledon var. howellii
Synonyms Calandrinia cotyledon, Oreobroma cotyledon Talinum pygmaeum, Calandrinia grayi, Calandrinia pygmaea, L. exarticulata, L. glandulosa, L. minima, L. pygmaea var. aridorum, L. pygmaea subsp. glandulosa, L. sierrae, Oreobroma aridorum, Oreobroma exarticulatum, Oreobroma glandulosum, Oreobroma grayi, Oreobroma minimum, Oreobroma pygmaeum
Name authority (S. Watson) B. L. Robinson: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 268. (1897) (A. Gray) B. L. Robinson: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 268. (1897)
Web links