Flora of North America species comparison

leaves on young shoots and subtending branches green to pale green, those below branches reddish brown proximally and hyaline distally, slightly contorted and rarely somewhat crisped when dry, appressed to stem proximally and slightly spreading distally, ± flat when moist, (2–)2.5–3(–4) mm;

margins hyaline or reddish brown, teeth large, more pronounced distally, often at right angles to margin;

apex long-acuminate;

medial laminal cells elongate, 20–50 µm;

marginal cells linear and short-linear, in 1 or 2 rows.

reddish brown to black, erect, branched distally, dendroid;

rhizoids brown, macronemata matted proximally, occasionally along stem into branched portion of stem, micronemata absent.

dimorphic, pale to dark green or reddish brown to hyaline, slightly contorted or crisped when dry, appressed or spreading, flat or keeled when moist, ovate-lanceolate, (1.3–)2–3(–4) mm;

base decurrent;

margins plane, green, hyaline, or reddish brown, 1-stratose, usually toothed to near base, teeth single, sharp;

apex acute or long-acuminate, cuspidate or not;

costa subpercurrent or percurrent, distal abaxial surface strongly toothed;

medial laminal cells elongate, short-elongate, short-rhombic, or ± isodiametric, 17–50 µm, sometimes in longitudinal or diagonal rows, not or weakly collenchymatous, walls not pitted;

marginal cells differentiated, linear, short-linear, or rhomboidal, in 1 or 2 rows.

green to dark green, moderately crisped when dry, spreading, keeled when moist, 1.3–2(–2.5) mm;

margins green, teeth small, more pronounced distally, not at right angles to margin;

apex acute, cuspidate;

medial laminal cells short-elongate, short-rhombic, or ± isodiametric, 17–27 µm;

marginal cells short-linear and rhomboidal, in 1 (or 2) rows.

single or rarely double (or 3), reddish brown, 4–5 cm, somewhat flexuose.

dioicous.

with annulus differentiated in 3 rows of cells;

exostome papillose;

endostome papillose, basal membrane porous, cilia 2 or 3.

pendent, yellow-brown or brown, cylindric, 6–8 mm;

operculum hemispheric;

exostome yellow-brown;

endostome yellow-brown.

28–30 µm.

asexual reproduction absent.