Lespedeza frutescens |
Lespedeza hirta |
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shrubby lespedeza, violet bush-clover |
hairy bush-clover, hairy bush-clover or lespedeza, hairy lespedeza |
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Habit | Herbs. | Herbs. | ||||
Stems | ascending or sprawling, clustered, 10–50 cm, branched much of length, sericeous or glabrescent. |
erect or ascending, 80–200 cm, branched distally, short appressed-pubescent, pilose, or villous. |
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Leaves | usually 2 sizes, axillary ones subtending racemes much smaller; stipules subulate, 2.5–6 mm; petiole (5–)10–15(–20) mm, longer than rachis; leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse or retuse, apiculate, surfaces sericeous abaxially, glabrous adaxially; laterals similar to terminal, without oblique base; terminal blade 10–30(–40) × 8–22 mm (6–10 mm in axillary leaves), length 1.4–2.5 times width. |
stipules subulate to narrowly triangular, 3–6 mm; petiole 10–15(–20) mm, longer than rachis; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, obovate, or rounded, apex obtuse or retuse, minutely apiculate, surfaces green, cinereous, or silvery abaxially, sparsely to densely sericeous abaxially, glabrous, sericeous, pilose, or silvery with fine, dense, appressed-silky hairs adaxially; terminal blade 10–40(–50) × (7–)10–30 mm, length 1.3–1.8 times width. |
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Racemes | slender, 4–7-flowered, flowers not clustered at apex, flowers chasmogamous and cleistogamous. |
10–40-flowered, axillary from distal leaves or clustered in compound inflorescences, flowers compact to lax, axis and pedicels visible, flowers chasmogamous and cleistogamous. |
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Peduncles | usually much longer than subtending leaves, sericeous. |
longer than subtending leaves. |
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Pedicels | 0.5–3 mm, appressed-puberulent; bracteoles shorter than calyx tube. |
1–2 mm; bracteoles longer than calyx tube. |
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Flowers | chasmogamous 6.5–9 mm; calyx 4–6 mm, appressed-puberulent, tube 1–1.2 mm; lobes 4, lateral narrowly triangular, 2.5–3 mm, adaxial connate proximally, apices acuminate; corolla purple; wings 5.5–6.5 mm; keel 6–8 mm. |
chasmogamous 7–10 mm; calyx 7–10 mm, pubescent, tube 1–2 mm; lobes 5, lateral narrowly triangular, 7–8 mm, apices spinelike; corolla cream-white or creamy with pink or purple at throat; wings 6–7 mm; keel 5–6 mm. |
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Loments | chasmogamous as long as calyx, ovate to rounded, 5–7 mm, cleistogamous exserted from calyx, calyx 1/5 loment length, rounded, 4–5 mm; stipe subsessile. |
chasmogamous slightly included in calyx, ovate-oblong, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, cleistogamous slightly included in calyx, oblong, 6 × 4 mm; stipe subsessile. |
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2n | = 20. |
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Lespedeza frutescens |
Lespedeza hirta |
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Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Open deciduous, dry upland woodlands, prairie fragments, alluvial woodlands, ruderal areas, limestone or sandy soils. | |||||
Elevation | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
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North America
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Discussion | The name Lespedeza violacea was widely applied to L. frutescens in the past; however, the type specimen of the basionym (Hedysarum violaceum) represents the species previously called L. intermedia. The result is that the name L. violacea replaces what was called L. intermedia, and L. frutescens must be taken up for this species (J. L. Reveal and F. R. Barrie 1991). Lespedeza frutescens forms natural hybrids with L. capitata, L. hirta, L. procumbens, L. repens, L. stuevei, L. violacea, and L. virginica. Hybrids with L. violacea are common (A. F. Clewell 1966) and have been called L. × acuticarpa Mackenzie & Bush. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Lespedeza hirta forms natural hybrids with L. angustifolia, L. capitata, L. frutescens, L. procumbens, L. repens, L. stuevei, L. violacea, and L. virginica. Hybrids with L. violacea have been called L. × nuttallii Darlington, and offspring from Indiana plants of L. × nuttallii show morphologies that range from one parental species to the other. Other purple-petaled species may hybridize with L. hirta to produce offspring similar to the morphology of L. × nuttallii (D. Isely 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lespedeza | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lespedeza | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Hedysarum frutescens, L. prairea, L. violacea var. divergens, L. violacea var. prairea | Hedysarum hirtum | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Hornemann: Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 699. (1815) | (Linnaeus) Hornemann: Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 699. (1815) | ||||
Web links |