Lespedeza frutescens |
Lespedeza cuneata |
|
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shrubby lespedeza, violet bush-clover |
Chinese bush-clover, Chinese lespedeza, sericea lespedeza, silky bush clover |
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Habit | Herbs. | Herbs. |
Stems | ascending or sprawling, clustered, 10–50 cm, branched much of length, sericeous or glabrescent. |
erect or ascending, clustered, 80–200 cm, copiously branched distally, striate, densely ascending or appressed white-pubescent on ridges. |
Leaves | usually 2 sizes, axillary ones subtending racemes much smaller; stipules subulate, 2.5–6 mm; petiole (5–)10–15(–20) mm, longer than rachis; leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse or retuse, apiculate, surfaces sericeous abaxially, glabrous adaxially; laterals similar to terminal, without oblique base; terminal blade 10–30(–40) × 8–22 mm (6–10 mm in axillary leaves), length 1.4–2.5 times width. |
stipules subulate, 4–8 mm; petiole 5–10 mm, longer than rachis; leaflet blades narrowly obovate or narrowly obdeltate, apex obtuse to rounded, truncate, or retuse, apiculate, surfaces densely white-appressed-strigose abaxially, sparsely appressed-puberulent or glabrescent adaxially, scarcely reticulate-veined between principle lateral veins abaxially; terminal blade 7–32 × 2–8 mm, length 3–5 times width. |
Racemes | slender, 4–7-flowered, flowers not clustered at apex, flowers chasmogamous and cleistogamous. |
2–4-flowered, closely flowered, flowers chasmogamous and cleistogamous, chasmogamous with 2–4 flowers, cleistogamous usually with (1 or)2 flowers at base of peduncle, racemes shorter than to 1–4 times length of subtending leaves. |
Peduncles | usually much longer than subtending leaves, sericeous. |
shorter than subtending leaves, scarcely pedunculate. |
Pedicels | 0.5–3 mm, appressed-puberulent; bracteoles shorter than calyx tube. |
1.5–2 mm; bracteoles shorter than calyx tube. |
Flowers | chasmogamous 6.5–9 mm; calyx 4–6 mm, appressed-puberulent, tube 1–1.2 mm; lobes 4, lateral narrowly triangular, 2.5–3 mm, adaxial connate proximally, apices acuminate; corolla purple; wings 5.5–6.5 mm; keel 6–8 mm. |
chasmogamous 6.5–8 mm; calyx 3–4.5 mm, tube 1 mm; lobes 4, lateral triangular, 2–3.5 mm, deeply 4-lobed, adaxial pair proximally connate most or part of their length; corolla white to pale yellow and pale purplish striate, or with blotch at throat adaxially, wing and keel petals white; wings 6–7 mm; keel 6–7.5 mm; cleistogamous flowers 2 mm, calyx lobes usually 1-veined, rarely with 1 distinct midrib and 2 inconspicuous lateral veins. |
Loments | chasmogamous as long as calyx, ovate to rounded, 5–7 mm, cleistogamous exserted from calyx, calyx 1/5 loment length, rounded, 4–5 mm; stipe subsessile. |
sparsely appressed-pubescent or glabrescent; stipe 0.5 mm; chasmogamous, deciduous, distinctly exserted from calyx, elliptic-oblong or broadly elliptic, 3.5–5 × 2–3 mm, cleistogamous suborbicular, 3 × 2 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 20. |
Lespedeza frutescens |
Lespedeza cuneata |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering late spring–fall. |
Habitat | Open deciduous, dry upland woodlands, prairie fragments, alluvial woodlands, ruderal areas, limestone or sandy soils. | Pastures, open pine or deciduous woodlands, clearings, borders, lowland or moist areas, roadsides, old fields, urban waste areas. |
Elevation | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; Asia (Afghanistan, China, Himalayas, India, Indo-China, Japan, Korea, Malesia, Myanmar, Taiwan) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Africa (Republic of South Africa), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
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Discussion | The name Lespedeza violacea was widely applied to L. frutescens in the past; however, the type specimen of the basionym (Hedysarum violaceum) represents the species previously called L. intermedia. The result is that the name L. violacea replaces what was called L. intermedia, and L. frutescens must be taken up for this species (J. L. Reveal and F. R. Barrie 1991). Lespedeza frutescens forms natural hybrids with L. capitata, L. hirta, L. procumbens, L. repens, L. stuevei, L. violacea, and L. virginica. Hybrids with L. violacea are common (A. F. Clewell 1966) and have been called L. × acuticarpa Mackenzie & Bush. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lespedeza cuneata is widely planted for forage, erosion control, soil improvement, wildlife food, and strip mine regrowth (W. J. Guernsey 1970). The species tolerates sterile soils and is drought resistant; it is one of the characteristic plants of the rural, southeastern United States landscape (D. Isely 1998). Lespedeza sericea Miquel is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lespedeza | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lespedeza |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hedysarum frutescens, L. prairea, L. violacea var. divergens, L. violacea var. prairea | Anthyllis cuneata |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Hornemann: Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 699. (1815) | (Dumont de Courset) G. Don: Gen. Hist. 2: 307. (1832) |
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