Lespedeza frutescens |
Lespedeza bicolor |
|
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shrubby lespedeza, violet bush-clover |
bicolor lespedeza, shrub lespedeza, shrubby lespedeza, two-color bush-clover |
|
Habit | Herbs. | Shrubs. |
Stems | ascending or sprawling, clustered, 10–50 cm, branched much of length, sericeous or glabrescent. |
erect or ascending, clustered, young branches terete, 60–200 cm, branched distally, densely pubescent or glabrescent. |
Leaves | usually 2 sizes, axillary ones subtending racemes much smaller; stipules subulate, 2.5–6 mm; petiole (5–)10–15(–20) mm, longer than rachis; leaflet blades elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse or retuse, apiculate, surfaces sericeous abaxially, glabrous adaxially; laterals similar to terminal, without oblique base; terminal blade 10–30(–40) × 8–22 mm (6–10 mm in axillary leaves), length 1.4–2.5 times width. |
often 2 sizes, distal ones subtending racemes much smaller; stipules subulate, 3–7 mm; petiole 20–40 mm, longer than rachis; leaflet blades elliptic to broadly elliptic or ovate, apex retuse to obtuse or acute, apiculate, surfaces uniformly sericeous abaxially, somewhat sparsely sericeous, at least along midrib, or glabrescent adaxially; terminal blade 20–60 × 10–35 mm, length 1.5–2 times width. |
Racemes | slender, 4–7-flowered, flowers not clustered at apex, flowers chasmogamous and cleistogamous. |
5–15-flowered, axillary or compound and appearing terminal, flowers chasmogamous only. |
Peduncles | usually much longer than subtending leaves, sericeous. |
longer than subtending leaves. |
Pedicels | 0.5–3 mm, appressed-puberulent; bracteoles shorter than calyx tube. |
0.8–3 mm; bracteoles shorter than calyx tube. |
Flowers | chasmogamous 6.5–9 mm; calyx 4–6 mm, appressed-puberulent, tube 1–1.2 mm; lobes 4, lateral narrowly triangular, 2.5–3 mm, adaxial connate proximally, apices acuminate; corolla purple; wings 5.5–6.5 mm; keel 6–8 mm. |
8–13 mm; calyx 3–5 mm, tube 1.5–2.4 mm; lobes 4, subequal or abaxial slightly longer, lateral ovate to narrowly ovate, 1.2–2.5 mm, adaxial connate proximally, apices obtuse or acute, not spine-tipped; corolla usually pink-purple or magenta, rarely white, banner with darker marks at throat on adaxial surface; wings 7.3–9.5 mm; keel 8.6–9.8 mm. |
Loments | chasmogamous as long as calyx, ovate to rounded, 5–7 mm, cleistogamous exserted from calyx, calyx 1/5 loment length, rounded, 4–5 mm; stipe subsessile. |
body exserted from calyx, broadly elliptic to suborbicular, 5–7 × 4–6 mm, slightly to densely white-appressed-pilose, sometimes glabrescent; stipe to 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 22. |
Lespedeza frutescens |
Lespedeza bicolor |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering late summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Open deciduous, dry upland woodlands, prairie fragments, alluvial woodlands, ruderal areas, limestone or sandy soils. | Woodlands and borders, mountain slopes, pine flatwoods, savannas, creek banks, thickets, old fields, roadsides, waste areas. |
Elevation | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) | 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, Siberia) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | The name Lespedeza violacea was widely applied to L. frutescens in the past; however, the type specimen of the basionym (Hedysarum violaceum) represents the species previously called L. intermedia. The result is that the name L. violacea replaces what was called L. intermedia, and L. frutescens must be taken up for this species (J. L. Reveal and F. R. Barrie 1991). Lespedeza frutescens forms natural hybrids with L. capitata, L. hirta, L. procumbens, L. repens, L. stuevei, L. violacea, and L. virginica. Hybrids with L. violacea are common (A. F. Clewell 1966) and have been called L. × acuticarpa Mackenzie & Bush. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lespedeza bicolor is planted as an ornamental, for wildlife food, and for soil improvements; while some naturalization occurs, it is seldom found far from plantings. In the flora area, differences between L. bicolor and L. thunbergii are not always apparent, perhaps due to introgression in cultivated strains (A. F. Clewell 1966b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lespedeza | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Lespedeza |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hedysarum frutescens, L. prairea, L. violacea var. divergens, L. violacea var. prairea | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Hornemann: Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 699. (1815) | Turczaninow: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13: 69. (1840) |
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