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garden cress, garden cress pepperwort, garden pepper-grass, garden pepperweed, garden pepperwort, gardencress pepperweed, pepper cress

yellow pepper grass, yellow pepperweed

Habit Annuals; (often glaucous), usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pilose. Annuals; glabrous.
Stems

simple from base, erect, branched distally, (1–)2–8(–10) dm.

few to several from base, prostrate or decumbent, branched, (0.2–)0.4–3(–4.6) dm.

Basal leaves

(withered by anthesis);

not rosulate;

petiole 1–4 cm;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid or pinnatisect (lobes ovate to oblong), 2–8(–10) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate.

rosulate;

petiole (0.3–)0.6–2.5(–3.2) cm;

blade spatulate to oblanceolate or linear, pinnatifid or lobed (lobes 3–9 pairs, ovate to oblong), (0.7–)1.3–5.2(–6) cm × 3–8 mm, margins (of lobes) entire.

Cauline leaves

petiolate;

blade similar to basal, usually less divided, rarely undivided, (distal) often linear, bases not auriculate, margins entire.

petioles 0.1–0.5 cm;

blade obovate to spatulate or oblanceolate, (0.6–)1–1.8(–2.3) cm × 2–8(–14) mm, base attenuate-cuneate, not auriculate, margins dentate-sinuate to crenate orentire.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous.

(corymbose to subcapitate), slightly elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous.

Flowers

sepals oblong-obovate, 1–1.8 × 0.5–0.8 mm;

petals white or lavender, spatulate to obovate, 2–3.5(–4) × 0.7–1.4 mm, claw 1–1.4 mm;

stamens 6;

filaments (median pairs) 1.5–2 mm, (glabrous);

anthers 0.4–0.5 mm.

sepals obovate-oblong, 1–2 × 0.6–1 mm;

petals yellow (rarely creamy white at early anthesis), spatulate, (1.8–)2–2.8(–3) × 0.6–1 mm, claw 0.5–1 mm;

stamens 6;

filaments (median pairs) 1.2–2 mm, (glabrous);

anthers 0.4–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

suberect to ascending, appressed to rachis, straight, (terete or slightly flattened), 1.5–4(–6) × 0.4–0.6 mm, glabrous.

divaricate to horizontal, straight or slightly sigmoid, (terete), (2.7–)3–4.4(–5) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous.

Fruits

broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, (4–)5–6.4(–7) × 3–4.5(–5.6) mm, apically broadly winged, apical notch 0.2 0.8 mm deep;

valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous;

style 0.1–0.5(–0.8) mm, usually included in, rarely subequaling, apical notch.

usually narrowly to broadly ovate, rarely suborbicular, (2.2–)2.5–3.8(–4.2) × (1.6–)2.2 3.2(–3.5) mm, apically divergently winged, apical notch 0.2–0.6 mm deep;

valves thin, smooth, moderately reticulate-veined, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent;

style 0.7–1.6 mm, exserted beyond apical notch.

Seeds

(reddish brown), ovate-oblong, 2–2.7(–3) × 1–1.5 mm, (3-lobed).

ovate, 1–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

2n

= 16, 32.

= 32.

Lepidium sativum

Lepidium flavum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat Gardens, old fields, vacant lots, disturbed areas, railroad embankments, waste grounds, roadsides, cultivated areas Sagebrush communities, open mesas, sandy flats and deserts, alluvial fans, dry valley floors, floodplains, washes, alkaline flats, roadsides, playa margins
Elevation 600-1600 m (2000-5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IA; ID; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; Europe; sw Asia; perhaps ne Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Lepidium sativum is cultivated as a salad green and is sporadically naturalized, though never as an aggressive weed. It is seldom collected; the above range may be incomplete.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The slightly smaller-fruited form of Lepidium flavum, recognized by C. L. Hitchcock (1936) and R. C. Rollins (1993) as var. felipense, does not merit recognition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 592. FNA vol. 7, p. 582.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium
Sibling taxa
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
Synonyms L. flavum var. apterum, L. flavum var. felipense, Nasturtium flavum, Sprengeria flava, Sprengeria minuscula, Sprengeria watsoniana
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 644. (1753) Torrey: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 67. (1857)
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