Lepidium draba |
Lepidium strictum |
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heart-pod hoary-cress, heart-pod pepperweed, hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, whitetop |
peppergrass, upright pepper-weed, upright peppergrass |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); hirsute or glabrate. | Annuals; hirsute. |
Stems | often simple from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
often several from base, usually ascending or decumbent to prostrate, rarely erect, branched distally, (0.4–)0.7–1.7(–2) dm. |
Basal leaves | (early withered); not rosulate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.5–)3–10(–15) cm × 10–40 mm, margins sinuate to dentate or entire. |
not rosulate; petiole 0.5–3 cm; blade 2-pinnatifid (lobes lanceolate to oblong), 1.5–5.6 cm, margins (of lobes) entire. |
Cauline leaves | sessile; blade ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1–)3–9(–15) cm × (5–)10–20(–50) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous). |
shortly petiolate; blade pinnatifid, 0.8–3 cm × 0.3–8 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire. |
Racemes | (corymbose panicles), slightly or considerably elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes straight or curved, cylindrical. |
elongated, (dense) in fruit; rachis puberulent, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
Flowers | sepals oblong to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm; petals white, obovate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) × (1–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm, claw 1–1.7 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–3 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
sepals (persistent), oblong, 0.7–1(–1.2) × 0.3–0.4 mm; petals (rudimentary), white, linear, 0.2–0.5 × 0.05 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm; anthers 0.1–0.15 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–10(–15) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially. |
suberect and subappressed at base, recurved and becoming divaricate distally, strongly curved, (often flattened and narrowly winged), (1–)1.4–2.5(–3) × 0.2–0.4 mm, puberulent adaxially. |
Fruits | (indehiscent), cordate to subreniform, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4.3) × (3.2–)3.7–5(–5.6) mm, apically (obtuse to subacute), not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous; style (0.6–)1–1.8(–2) mm. |
ovate-orbicular to ovate, 2.5–3.3 × 2–3 mm,apically winged, apical notch 0.3–0.6 mm deep; valves (enclosing seeds), thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous or puberulent on margin; style obsolete or to 0.1 mm, included in apical notch. |
Seeds | ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm. |
oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
= 32. |
Lepidium draba |
Lepidium strictum |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream sides, disturbed grounds, pastures, waste areas | Waste grounds, woodlands, hillsides |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; s Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Distrito Federal), South America, s Africa, Australia]
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CA; OR; South America (Chile) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Although Lepidium draba is poorly established and known from old collections in the eastern part of the United States, it has become a noxious weed in several western states. Lepidium draba and its nearest relatives, L. appelianum and L. chalepense, form a monophyletic clade most closely related to L. campestre (K. Mummenhoff et al. 2001). A. Thellung (1906) and C. L. Hitchcock (1936) correctly placed L. draba in Lepidium, as did Linnaeus. The recognition of the first three species in Cardaria and the maintenance of their nearest relative, L. campestre, in Lepidium do not make any sense on both phylogenetic and taxonomic grounds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lepidium strictum was reported from Utah (C. L. Hitchcock 1936) and Colorado (W. A. Weber 1989), but we have been unable to verify those records. The species is easily distinguished by a combination of reticulate-veined fruits, persistent sepals, flattened and narrowly winged fruiting pedicels, and filiform nectaries. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 581. | FNA vol. 7, p. 593. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardaria draba, Cochlearia draba, Nasturtium draba | L. oxycarpum var. strictum, L. reticulatum |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 645. (1753) | (S. Watson) Rattan ex B. L. Robinson: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1,1): 129. (1895) |
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