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heart-pod hoary-cress, heart-pod pepperweed, hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, whitetop

lepidium oblongum, veiny pepper grass, veiny pepper-weed

Habit Perennials; (rhizomatous); hirsute or glabrate. Annuals; hirsute (trichomes cylindrical).
Stems

often simple from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2–6.5(–9) dm.

often several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, (5–)1–2.4(–3.2) dm.

Basal leaves

(early withered);

not rosulate;

petiole 1–4 cm;

blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.5–)3–10(–15) cm × 10–40 mm, margins sinuate to dentate or entire.

not rosulate;

petiole (0.5–)1–3 cm;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid, 0.7–3.5 cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate.

Cauline leaves

sessile;

blade ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1–)3–9(–15) cm × (5–)10–20(–50) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous).

usually sessile, rarely shortly petiolate;

blade obovate to oblanceolate (in outline), 0.8–2 cm × 2–9 mm, base cuneate, auriculate or not, margins dentate to laciniate or pinnatifid.

Racemes

(corymbose panicles), slightly or considerably elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes straight or curved, cylindrical.

elongated in fruit;

rachis hirsute, trichomes mostly straight, cylindrical.

Flowers

sepals oblong to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm;

petals white, obovate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) × (1–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm, claw 1–1.7 mm;

stamens 6;

filaments 2–3 mm, (glabrous);

anthers 0.4–0.5 mm.

sepals (tardily deciduous to somewhat persistent), ovate to broadly oblong, 0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

petals (absent or rudimentary), white, linear-oblanceolate, 0.1–0.7 × 0.05–0.15 mm, claw absent;

stamens 2, median;

filaments 0.7–1 mm;

anthers 0.15–0.2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–10(–15) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially.

divaricate to horizontal, usually slightly recurved, rarely straight, (terete), 2–3.5(–5) × 0.2–0.3 mm, puberulent adaxially or, rarely, throughout.

Fruits

(indehiscent), cordate to subreniform, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4.3) × (3.2–)3.7–5(–5.6) mm, apically (obtuse to subacute), not winged, apical notch absent;

valves thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous;

style (0.6–)1–1.8(–2) mm.

orbicular to broadly obovate or elliptic, 2.2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, apically winged, apical notch 0.2–0.3 mm deep;

valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely puberulent (along margin);

style to 0.1 mm, included in apical notch.

Seeds

ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm.

ovate, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 mm.

2n

= 32, 64.

Lepidium draba

Lepidium oblongum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Aug. Flowering Mar–Aug.
Habitat Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream sides, disturbed grounds, pastures, waste areas Prairies, pastures, floodplains, waste grounds, llanos, disturbed areas, roadsides, flats, calcareous sand, alluvial terraces
Elevation 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; s Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Distrito Federal), South America, s Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamascaltepec, Veracruz); Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Although Lepidium draba is poorly established and known from old collections in the eastern part of the United States, it has become a noxious weed in several western states.

Lepidium draba and its nearest relatives, L. appelianum and L. chalepense, form a monophyletic clade most closely related to L. campestre (K. Mummenhoff et al. 2001). A. Thellung (1906) and C. L. Hitchcock (1936) correctly placed L. draba in Lepidium, as did Linnaeus. The recognition of the first three species in Cardaria and the maintenance of their nearest relative, L. campestre, in Lepidium do not make any sense on both phylogenetic and taxonomic grounds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hitchcock distinguished var. insulare from var. oblongum on the basis of having fruits smaller (2–2.5 versus 2.5–3 mm) and rotund to obovate (versus elliptic or obovate-elliptic) and fruiting pedicels puberulent (versus glabrous) abaxially. The shape and size of fruits almost never covary, and some of the insular plants (e.g., Trask 28, GH) have the largest fruits; some populations from Arizona, Oklahoma, and Texas have smaller and perfectly orbicular fruits. As for the pubescence of fruiting pedicels, some of the inland plants cited by Hitchcock as L. oblongum (e.g., Brewer 27, GH) have pedicels pubescent abaxially.

A recent report of Lepidium bonariense naturalized in Skagit County, Washington, was based on misidentified L. oblongum; all the vouchers for it belong to the latter species. Lepidium oblongum often has several stems from base, usually auriculate distalmost leaves, and fruits 2–3 mm wide. By contrast, L. bonariense has single stems from base, non-auriculate distalmost leaves, and fruits 2.7–3.5 mm wide.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 581. FNA vol. 7, p. 588.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium
Sibling taxa
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
Synonyms Cardaria draba, Cochlearia draba, Nasturtium draba L. greenei, L. oblongum var. insulare
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 645. (1753) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 468, 1331. (1903)
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