Lepidium draba |
Lepidium heterophyllum |
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heart-pod hoary-cress, heart-pod pepperweed, hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, whitetop |
purple-anther field pepper-weed, purple-anther pepperweed, Smith's pepper-grass, Smith's pepperweed, Smith's pepperwort, variable leaf pepperwort, variable-leaf pepperweed |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); hirsute or glabrate. | Perennials; (caudex branched); hirsute. |
Stems | often simple from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
branched from base, erect to ascending, often decumbent basally, unbranched or branched (few) distally, 1–5 dm. |
Basal leaves | (early withered); not rosulate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.5–)3–10(–15) cm × 10–40 mm, margins sinuate to dentate or entire. |
rosulate; petiole 1–6.2 cm; blade oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 1–4.5 cm × 4–14 mm, margins entire, repand, or denticulate. |
Cauline leaves | sessile; blade ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1–)3–9(–15) cm × (5–)10–20(–50) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous). |
sessile; blade oblong to deltate-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm × 3–8 mm, base sagittate or auriculate, margins dentate to denticulate. |
Racemes | (corymbose panicles), slightly or considerably elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes straight or curved, cylindrical. |
much-elongated in fruit; rachis hirsute, trichomes spreading, straight. |
Flowers | sepals oblong to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm; petals white, obovate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) × (1–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm, claw 1–1.7 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–3 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1.6–2.2 × 0.6–1.1 mm; petals white, spatulate, 1.8–2.8 × 0.8–1.4 mm, claw 1–2 mm; stamens 6; filaments 1.8–2.6 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–10(–15) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially. |
horizontal, straight or slightly recurved, (terete), 2.8–5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, hirsute. |
Fruits | (indehiscent), cordate to subreniform, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4.3) × (3.2–)3.7–5(–5.6) mm, apically (obtuse to subacute), not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous; style (0.6–)1–1.8(–2) mm. |
broadly oblong to ovate, 4–5.5 × 3.5–4 mm, (curved adaxially), apically broadly winged, apical notch 0.2–0.3 mm deep; valves thin, often not papillate, not veined; style (0.6–)1–1.5 mm, well-exserted beyond apical notch. |
Seeds | ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm. |
(dark brown), ovoid, 1.8–2.2 × 1–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
= 48. |
Lepidium draba |
Lepidium heterophyllum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream sides, disturbed grounds, pastures, waste areas | Gravel mounds, roadsides, abandoned fields, waste grounds, disturbed sites, gardens, hillsides |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; s Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Distrito Federal), South America, s Africa, Australia]
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CA; CO; MA; ME; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; NF; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Although Lepidium draba is poorly established and known from old collections in the eastern part of the United States, it has become a noxious weed in several western states. Lepidium draba and its nearest relatives, L. appelianum and L. chalepense, form a monophyletic clade most closely related to L. campestre (K. Mummenhoff et al. 2001). A. Thellung (1906) and C. L. Hitchcock (1936) correctly placed L. draba in Lepidium, as did Linnaeus. The recognition of the first three species in Cardaria and the maintenance of their nearest relative, L. campestre, in Lepidium do not make any sense on both phylogenetic and taxonomic grounds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The records from Maine and Massachusetts are based on old collections, and it is not known if Lepidium heterophyllum has become established as part of the weedy flora of those states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 581. | FNA vol. 7, p. 582. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardaria draba, Cochlearia draba, Nasturtium draba | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 645. (1753) | Bentham: Cat. Pl. Pyrénées, 95. (1826) |
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