Lepidium draba |
Lepidium coronopus |
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heart-pod hoary-cress, heart-pod pepperweed, hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, whitetop |
swine cress |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); hirsute or glabrate. | Annuals; glabrous or puberulent. |
Stems | often simple from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
often several from base, usually procumbent to decumbent, rarely ascending, branched distally, (0.3–)0.6–2.5(–3.5) dm. |
Basal leaves | (early withered); not rosulate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.5–)3–10(–15) cm × 10–40 mm, margins sinuate to dentate or entire. |
rosulate; petiole (1–)2–5(–5.8) cm; blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, (3–)4–10(–15) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate. |
Cauline leaves | sessile; blade ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1–)3–9(–15) cm × (5–)10–20(–50) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous). |
shortly petiolate; blade pinnatisect, base cuneate, not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate, (similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally). |
Racemes | (corymbose panicles), slightly or considerably elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes straight or curved, cylindrical. |
(leaf-opposed), ± slightly elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals oblong to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm; petals white, obovate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) × (1–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm, claw 1–1.7 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–3 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
sepals (persistent), oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm; petals white, obovate to obovate-oblong, 1–2 × 0.4–0.6 mm, claw absent; stamens 6; filaments (median pairs) 0.7–1 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.15–0.25 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–10(–15) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially. |
ascending, straight, (stout, terete), (0.7–)1–2(–2.4) × 0.4–0.5 mm, glabrous. |
Fruits | (indehiscent), cordate to subreniform, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4.3) × (3.2–)3.7–5(–5.6) mm, apically (obtuse to subacute), not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous; style (0.6–)1–1.8(–2) mm. |
(indehiscent), reniform to ovate-cordate, 2.3–3.4 × 3–4.4 mm, apically not winged, apical notch absent; valves thick, rugose-verrucose, with distinct ridges, prominently veined, glabrous; style 0.2–0.7 mm. |
Seeds | ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm. |
ovate-oblong, (curved, not winged), 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
= 32. |
Lepidium draba |
Lepidium coronopus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream sides, disturbed grounds, pastures, waste areas | Waste grounds, abandoned fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; s Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Distrito Federal), South America, s Africa, Australia]
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AL; CA; LA; MO; NJ; TN; NB; NS; ON; QC; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Chile), s Africa, Australia] |
Discussion | Although Lepidium draba is poorly established and known from old collections in the eastern part of the United States, it has become a noxious weed in several western states. Lepidium draba and its nearest relatives, L. appelianum and L. chalepense, form a monophyletic clade most closely related to L. campestre (K. Mummenhoff et al. 2001). A. Thellung (1906) and C. L. Hitchcock (1936) correctly placed L. draba in Lepidium, as did Linnaeus. The recognition of the first three species in Cardaria and the maintenance of their nearest relative, L. campestre, in Lepidium do not make any sense on both phylogenetic and taxonomic grounds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 581. | FNA vol. 7, p. 578. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardaria draba, Cochlearia draba, Nasturtium draba | Cochlearia coronopus, Carara coronopus, Coronopus procumbens, Coronopus ruellii, Coronopus squamatus, Coronopus verrucarius, L. squamatum, Senebiera coronopus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 645. (1753) | (Linnaeus) Al-Shehbaz: Novon 14: 156. (2004) |
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