Lepidium draba |
Lepidium acutidens |
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heart-pod hoary-cress, heart-pod pepperweed, hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, whitetop |
alkali pepperwort, alkali veiny pepper-grass, net pepper grass |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); hirsute or glabrate. | Annuals; hirsute or puberulent. |
Stems | often simple from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
few to several from base, erect to ascending, unbranched, (0.5–)0.8–3 dm. |
Basal leaves | (early withered); not rosulate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.5–)3–10(–15) cm × 10–40 mm, margins sinuate to dentate or entire. |
(soon withered); not rosulate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade linear or pinnatisect, (2–)2.5–6.1(–7.2) cm × (0.5–)1–2(–3) mm, (lobes linear to narrowly oblong), margins entire. |
Cauline leaves | sessile; blade ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1–)3–9(–15) cm × (5–)10–20(–50) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous). |
sessile; blade linear, 1.2–5.8 cm × 0.5–2(–3) mm, base attenuate, not auriculate, margins entire. |
Racemes | (corymbose panicles), slightly or considerably elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes straight or curved, cylindrical. |
elongated, (dense or lax) in fruit; rachis puberulent or hirsute, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
Flowers | sepals oblong to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm; petals white, obovate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) × (1–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm, claw 1–1.7 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–3 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
sepals oblong to ovate, 0.7–1.1 × 0.2–0.6 mm; petals absent; stamens 4, median; filaments 0.5–1 mm; anthers ca. 0.1 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–10(–15) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially. |
erect to slightly ascending, straight and appressed to rachis or distally slightly recurved, (strongly flattened), (2–)3–4.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm (width proximal to apex), puberulent throughout. |
Fruits | (indehiscent), cordate to subreniform, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4.3) × (3.2–)3.7–5(–5.6) mm, apically (obtuse to subacute), not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous; style (0.6–)1–1.8(–2) mm. |
ovate to ovate-oblong, (3–)4–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apically winged, apical notch (V-shaped), (0.8–)1–2 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, strongly reticulate-veined, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent; style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch. |
Seeds | ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm. |
ovate, 1.3–2 × 0.8–1.2 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
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Lepidium draba |
Lepidium acutidens |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering Feb–Apr. |
Habitat | Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream sides, disturbed grounds, pastures, waste areas | Alkaline flats, gullies, or fields, saline vernal flats, grassy fields |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | 0-400 m (0-1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; s Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Distrito Federal), South America, s Africa, Australia]
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CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Although Lepidium draba is poorly established and known from old collections in the eastern part of the United States, it has become a noxious weed in several western states. Lepidium draba and its nearest relatives, L. appelianum and L. chalepense, form a monophyletic clade most closely related to L. campestre (K. Mummenhoff et al. 2001). A. Thellung (1906) and C. L. Hitchcock (1936) correctly placed L. draba in Lepidium, as did Linnaeus. The recognition of the first three species in Cardaria and the maintenance of their nearest relative, L. campestre, in Lepidium do not make any sense on both phylogenetic and taxonomic grounds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Lepidium acutidens was treated by C. L. Hitchcock (1936) and R. C. Rollins (1993) as a variety of L. dictyotum. The differences in the fruits as well as the absence of intermediates between them, despite the overlap of their ranges in California, justify their recognition as independent species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 581. | FNA vol. 7, p. 575. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardaria draba, Cochlearia draba, Nasturtium draba | L. dictyotum var. acutidens, L. oxycarpum var. acutidens |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 645. (1753) | (A. Gray) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 64. (1897) |
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