Lepidium draba |
Brassicaceae tribe Lepidieae |
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heart-pod hoary-cress, heart-pod pepperweed, hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, whitetop |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); hirsute or glabrate. | Annuals, biennials, or perennials [lianas, shrubs]; eglandular. |
Stems | often simple from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2–6.5(–9) dm. |
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Basal leaves | (early withered); not rosulate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.5–)3–10(–15) cm × 10–40 mm, margins sinuate to dentate or entire. |
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Cauline leaves | sessile; blade ovate, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1–)3–9(–15) cm × (5–)10–20(–50) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous). |
petiolate or sessile; blade base auriculate or not, margins usually entire, dentate, or pinnately divided. |
Racemes | (corymbose panicles), slightly or considerably elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes straight or curved, cylindrical. |
ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals oblong to ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7–1.2 mm; petals white, obovate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) × (1–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm, claw 1–1.7 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–3 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
actinomorphic; sepals ascending to spreading, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, yellow, pink, or purple [orange], claw usually present, sometimes absent, distinct; filaments unappendaged, not winged; pollen 3-colpate. |
Fruiting pedicels | ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–10(–15) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially. |
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Fruits | (indehiscent), cordate to subreniform, (2–)2.5–3.7(–4.3) × (3.2–)3.7–5(–5.6) mm, apically (obtuse to subacute), not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, reticulate-veined, glabrous; style (0.6–)1–1.8(–2) mm. |
silicles, usually dehiscent, unsegmented, usually angustiseptate, rarely terete; ovules 2(–4) per ovary; style distinct, obsolete, or absent; stigma entire or, rarely, 2-lobed. |
Seeds | ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm. |
aseriate; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent. |
Trichomes | simple or absent. |
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2n | = 32, 64. |
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Lepidium draba |
Brassicaceae tribe Lepidieae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | |
Habitat | Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream sides, disturbed grounds, pastures, waste areas | |
Elevation | 0-3300 m (0-10800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; s Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Distrito Federal), South America, s Africa, Australia]
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Nearly worldwide |
Discussion | Although Lepidium draba is poorly established and known from old collections in the eastern part of the United States, it has become a noxious weed in several western states. Lepidium draba and its nearest relatives, L. appelianum and L. chalepense, form a monophyletic clade most closely related to L. campestre (K. Mummenhoff et al. 2001). A. Thellung (1906) and C. L. Hitchcock (1936) correctly placed L. draba in Lepidium, as did Linnaeus. The recognition of the first three species in Cardaria and the maintenance of their nearest relative, L. campestre, in Lepidium do not make any sense on both phylogenetic and taxonomic grounds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 4, species ca. 235 (1 genus, 42 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 581. | FNA vol. 7, p. 569. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cardaria draba, Cochlearia draba, Nasturtium draba | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 645. (1753) | de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 240. (1821) |
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