Lepidium didymum |
Lepidium oblongum |
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lesser pepper-grass, lesser swine-cress, lesser wart-cress |
lepidium oblongum, veiny pepper grass, veiny pepper-weed |
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Habit | Annuals; (fetid); glabrous or pilose. | Annuals; hirsute (trichomes cylindrical). |
Stems | few to several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, 1–4.5(–7) dm. |
often several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, (5–)1–2.4(–3.2) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); not rosulate; petiole 0.5–4(–6) cm; blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, 1–6(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate (sometimes deeply lobed). |
not rosulate; petiole (0.5–)1–3 cm; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid, 0.7–3.5 cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate. |
Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate to subsessile; blade similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally, lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised. |
usually sessile, rarely shortly petiolate; blade obovate to oblanceolate (in outline), 0.8–2 cm × 2–9 mm, base cuneate, auriculate or not, margins dentate to laciniate or pinnatifid. |
Racemes | elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
elongated in fruit; rachis hirsute, trichomes mostly straight, cylindrical. |
Flowers | sepals (tardily deciduous), ovate, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm; petals white, elliptic to linear, 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.1 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.3–0.6 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals (tardily deciduous to somewhat persistent), ovate to broadly oblong, 0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm; petals (absent or rudimentary), white, linear-oblanceolate, 0.1–0.7 × 0.05–0.15 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.7–1 mm; anthers 0.15–0.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to horizontal, straight slightly recurved, (terete), 1.4–2.5(–4) × 0.15–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially. |
divaricate to horizontal, usually slightly recurved, rarely straight, (terete), 2–3.5(–5) × 0.2–0.3 mm, puberulent adaxially or, rarely, throughout. |
Fruits | schizocarpic, didymous, 1.3–1.7 × 2–2.5 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep; valves thick, rugose, strongly veined, glabrous; style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch. |
orbicular to broadly obovate or elliptic, 2.2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, apically winged, apical notch 0.2–0.3 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely puberulent (along margin); style to 0.1 mm, included in apical notch. |
Seeds | ovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm. |
ovate, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
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Lepidium didymum |
Lepidium oblongum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Mar–Aug. |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste areas, lawns, pastures, fields, gardens, disturbed areas | Prairies, pastures, floodplains, waste grounds, llanos, disturbed areas, roadsides, flats, calcareous sand, alluvial terraces |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; QC; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sinaloa), Central America (Honduras), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
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AR; AZ; CA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamascaltepec, Veracruz); Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala)
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Discussion | Hitchcock distinguished var. insulare from var. oblongum on the basis of having fruits smaller (2–2.5 versus 2.5–3 mm) and rotund to obovate (versus elliptic or obovate-elliptic) and fruiting pedicels puberulent (versus glabrous) abaxially. The shape and size of fruits almost never covary, and some of the insular plants (e.g., Trask 28, GH) have the largest fruits; some populations from Arizona, Oklahoma, and Texas have smaller and perfectly orbicular fruits. As for the pubescence of fruiting pedicels, some of the inland plants cited by Hitchcock as L. oblongum (e.g., Brewer 27, GH) have pedicels pubescent abaxially. A recent report of Lepidium bonariense naturalized in Skagit County, Washington, was based on misidentified L. oblongum; all the vouchers for it belong to the latter species. Lepidium oblongum often has several stems from base, usually auriculate distalmost leaves, and fruits 2–3 mm wide. By contrast, L. bonariense has single stems from base, non-auriculate distalmost leaves, and fruits 2.7–3.5 mm wide. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 580. | FNA vol. 7, p. 588. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Carara didyma, Coronopus didymus, Senebiera didyma, Senebiera incisa, Senebiera pinnatifida | L. greenei, L. oblongum var. insulare |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 433. (1767): Mant Pl. 1: 92. (1767) | Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 468, 1331. (1903) |
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