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lesser pepper-grass, lesser swine-cress, lesser wart-cress

shining pepper grass, shining pepper-weed

Habit Annuals; (fetid); glabrous or pilose. Annuals; puberulent.
Stems

few to several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, 1–4.5(–7) dm.

simple to numerous from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, sometimes branched distally, (0.4–)1–3.5(–4.2) dm.

Basal leaves

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

petiole 0.5–4(–6) cm;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, 1–6(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate (sometimes deeply lobed).

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

petiole (0.4–)1–4.2(–5) cm;

blade pinnatisect (lobes usually linear to filiform, rarely oblong to lanceolate), (0.8–)1.5–7.3(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) usually entire, rarely dentate.

Cauline leaves

shortly petiolate to subsessile;

blade similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally, lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised.

petiolate or subsessile;

similar to basal, blade smaller, sometimes undivided and linear, base attenuate, not auriculate.

Racemes

elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight, cylindrical.

much-elongated, (lax) in fruit;

rachis puberulent to hirsutulous, trichomes straight, cylindrical.

Flowers

sepals (tardily deciduous), ovate, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm;

petals white, elliptic to linear, 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.1 mm, claw absent;

stamens 2, median;

filaments 0.3–0.6 mm;

anthers 0.1–0.2 mm.

sepals oblong-ovate, (0.7–)0.9–1.3(–1.5) × 0.5–0.8 mm;

petals (rarely rudimentary or absent), white, oblanceolate, (0.8–)1.2–2(–2.8) × 0.2–1(–1.6) mm, claw absent, (glabrous);

stamens usually 4, median, rarely 6;

filaments (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.3);

anthers 0.1–0.2 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to horizontal, straight slightly recurved, (terete), 1.4–2.5(–4) × 0.15–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially.

usually divaricate, rarely ascending or suberect, usually slightly or weakly recurved, rarely straight, (strongly flattened), 2.5–5(–6.5) × (0.4–)0.6–0.9(–1.1) mm, puberulent adaxially and sometimes on proximal 1/3 abaxially.

Fruits

schizocarpic, didymous, 1.3–1.7 × 2–2.5 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep;

valves thick, rugose, strongly veined, glabrous;

style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch.

orbicular to broadly ovate, (2.5–)3–5.5(–6.5) × (2–)2.6–5(–5.4) mm, apically winged, apical notch 0.3–0.7(–1) mm deep;

valves thin, smooth, slightly veined or not, usually glabrous, rarely minutely and sparsely puberulent (along margin);

style usually obsolete, rarely to 0.1 mm, included in apical notch.

Seeds

ovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm.

ovate-oblong, 1.6–2.6 × 0.9–1.2 mm.

2n

= 32.

Lepidium didymum

Lepidium nitidum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul. Flowering Feb–Mar.
Habitat Roadsides, waste areas, lawns, pastures, fields, gardens, disturbed areas Alkaline flats and sinks, meadows, pastures, dry vernal pools, fields, sandy beaches, grassy area, gravelly slopes, creosote bush desert
Elevation 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; QC; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sinaloa), Central America (Honduras), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

C. L. Hitchcock (1936) and R. C. Rollins (1993) recognized three varieties within Lepidium nitidum, of which var. howellii was said to differ from var. nitidum by having puberulent (versus glabrous) fruit margins and stems densely (versus glabrous or sparsely to densely) pubescent. These characters do not covary, and some glabrate plants have puberulent fruit margins, whereas some very densely pubescent plants have glabrous fruits. As for var. oreganum, it is based on plants with divergent fruit wings, but this feature shows every degree of transition from divergent to non-divergent, and both those authors accepted in var. nitidum forms with slightly divergent fruit wings. The species is highly variable in leaf division, fruit size and shape, indumentum density, and flower morphology, especially in the number of stamens and presence or absence of petals. We prefer to maintain it without any further splitting.

C. L. Hitchcock (1945b) indicated that Lepidium nitidum occurs also in Chile but did not indicate whether the plant is introduced or native there. The material that he annotated and cited as L. nitidum from Chile clearly represents misidentified L. chilense Kunze ex Walpers. The latter always has two stamens, whereas L. nitidum usually has four, rarely six, and Hitchcock’s report of two stamens in the latter species was likely based on misidentified plants of another species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 580. FNA vol. 7, p. 588.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium
Sibling taxa
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
Synonyms Carara didyma, Coronopus didymus, Senebiera didyma, Senebiera incisa, Senebiera pinnatifida L. leiocarpum, L. nitidum var. howellii, L. nitidum var. insigne, L. nitidum var. oreganum, L. oreganum, L. strictum var. oreganum, Nasturtium nitidum
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 433. (1767): Mant Pl. 1: 92. (1767) Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 116. (1838)
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