Lepidium didymum |
Lepidium lasiocarpum |
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lesser pepper-grass, lesser swine-cress, lesser wart-cress |
hairypod pepperweed, shaggyfruit pepperweed |
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Habit | Annuals; (fetid); glabrous or pilose. | Annuals; hirsute or hispid, (trichomes cylindrical). | ||||
Stems | few to several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, 1–4.5(–7) dm. |
usually few to several, rarely simple from base, erect to ascending or (outer ones) decumbent, branched distally, (0.15–)0.6–3(–3.8) dm. |
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Basal leaves | (soon withered); not rosulate; petiole 0.5–4(–6) cm; blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, 1–6(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate (sometimes deeply lobed). |
(later withered); not rosulate; petiole (0.4–)1–3.5(–5) cm; blade spatulate to oblanceolate, lyrate-pinnatifid, pinnatisect, or 2-pinnatifid, (0.7–)1.5–4.5(–7.5) cm × (9–)12–20(–30) mm, margins rarely dentate, (lobes) entire or dentate. |
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Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate to subsessile; blade similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally, lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised. |
subsessile or petioles 0.8–2.2 cm, blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, (0.7–)1.2–3.3(–5) cm × (2–)4–12 mm, base cuneate, not auriculate, margins subentire to dentate. |
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Racemes | elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
often considerably elongated in fruit; rachis hirsute or hispid, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
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Flowers | sepals (tardily deciduous), ovate, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm; petals white, elliptic to linear, 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.1 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.3–0.6 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals oblong, 1–1.3(–1.5) × 0.5–0.8mm; petals (sometimes absent), white, oblanceolate to linear, (0.3–)0.6–1.5(–2) × (0.1–)0.2–0.5 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 1–1.4 mm; anthers 0.2–0.3 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to horizontal, straight slightly recurved, (terete), 1.4–2.5(–4) × 0.15–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially. |
divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight or slightly curved, (often strongly flattened), (1.8–)2–4(–4.6) × 0.2–0.7 mm (to 0.3 mm thick), hirsute to hispid throughout or adaxially. |
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Fruits | schizocarpic, didymous, 1.3–1.7 × 2–2.5 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep; valves thick, rugose, strongly veined, glabrous; style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch. |
ovate to ovate-orbicular, 2.8–4(–4.6) × 2.4–3.6(–4) mm, (base broadly cuneate to rounded), apically winged, apical notch (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.7) mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, hirsute to hispid (on surface or margin); style obsolete or to 0.1 mm, included in apical notch. |
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Seeds | ovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm. |
ovate, 1.4–2.2 × 0.9–1.4 mm. |
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2n | = 32. |
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Lepidium didymum |
Lepidium lasiocarpum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Roadsides, waste areas, lawns, pastures, fields, gardens, disturbed areas | |||||
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; QC; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sinaloa), Central America (Honduras), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT; n Mexico
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Discussion | Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). R. C. Rollins (1993) and C. L. Hitchcock (1945) divided Lepidium lasiocarpum into four and seven varieties, respectively. Hitchcock admitted that the species is highly variable in every aspect and that his varieties cover some of the “more conspicuous” variations. In our opinion, perhaps two or three groups are somewhat sufficiently defined to be recognized formally, though the lines separating them blur in some parts of the species range. We are reluctantly treating them as subspecies; subsp. palmeri (S. Watson) Thellung is restricted to Mexico (Baja California). The other infraspecific taxa recognized by those authors are based on trivial differences in leaf and indumentum, and we do not believe that they merit recognition. The reports by R. C. Rollins (1993) and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) of four and six stamens in Lepidium lasiocarpum were most likely repeated from C. L. Hitchcock (1936, 1945b) without further verification. We have examined hundreds of specimens that definitely belong to this species, and in not a single case did we find a flower with more than two stamens. It is quite likely that the reports of more than two stamens were based on misidentified plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 580. | FNA vol. 7, p. 584. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Carara didyma, Coronopus didymus, Senebiera didyma, Senebiera incisa, Senebiera pinnatifida | L. ruderale var. lasiocarpum, Nasturtium lasiocarpum | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 433. (1767): Mant Pl. 1: 92. (1767) | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 115. (1838) | ||||
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