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lesser pepper-grass, lesser swine-cress, lesser wart-cress

yellow pepper grass, yellow pepperweed

Habit Annuals; (fetid); glabrous or pilose. Annuals; glabrous.
Stems

few to several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, 1–4.5(–7) dm.

few to several from base, prostrate or decumbent, branched, (0.2–)0.4–3(–4.6) dm.

Basal leaves

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

petiole 0.5–4(–6) cm;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, 1–6(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate (sometimes deeply lobed).

rosulate;

petiole (0.3–)0.6–2.5(–3.2) cm;

blade spatulate to oblanceolate or linear, pinnatifid or lobed (lobes 3–9 pairs, ovate to oblong), (0.7–)1.3–5.2(–6) cm × 3–8 mm, margins (of lobes) entire.

Cauline leaves

shortly petiolate to subsessile;

blade similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally, lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised.

petioles 0.1–0.5 cm;

blade obovate to spatulate or oblanceolate, (0.6–)1–1.8(–2.3) cm × 2–8(–14) mm, base attenuate-cuneate, not auriculate, margins dentate-sinuate to crenate orentire.

Racemes

elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight, cylindrical.

(corymbose to subcapitate), slightly elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous.

Flowers

sepals (tardily deciduous), ovate, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm;

petals white, elliptic to linear, 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.1 mm, claw absent;

stamens 2, median;

filaments 0.3–0.6 mm;

anthers 0.1–0.2 mm.

sepals obovate-oblong, 1–2 × 0.6–1 mm;

petals yellow (rarely creamy white at early anthesis), spatulate, (1.8–)2–2.8(–3) × 0.6–1 mm, claw 0.5–1 mm;

stamens 6;

filaments (median pairs) 1.2–2 mm, (glabrous);

anthers 0.4–0.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to horizontal, straight slightly recurved, (terete), 1.4–2.5(–4) × 0.15–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially.

divaricate to horizontal, straight or slightly sigmoid, (terete), (2.7–)3–4.4(–5) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous.

Fruits

schizocarpic, didymous, 1.3–1.7 × 2–2.5 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep;

valves thick, rugose, strongly veined, glabrous;

style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch.

usually narrowly to broadly ovate, rarely suborbicular, (2.2–)2.5–3.8(–4.2) × (1.6–)2.2 3.2(–3.5) mm, apically divergently winged, apical notch 0.2–0.6 mm deep;

valves thin, smooth, moderately reticulate-veined, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent;

style 0.7–1.6 mm, exserted beyond apical notch.

Seeds

ovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm.

ovate, 1–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

2n

= 32.

= 32.

Lepidium didymum

Lepidium flavum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul. Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat Roadsides, waste areas, lawns, pastures, fields, gardens, disturbed areas Sagebrush communities, open mesas, sandy flats and deserts, alluvial fans, dry valley floors, floodplains, washes, alkaline flats, roadsides, playa margins
Elevation 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) 600-1600 m (2000-5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; QC; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sinaloa), Central America (Honduras), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The slightly smaller-fruited form of Lepidium flavum, recognized by C. L. Hitchcock (1936) and R. C. Rollins (1993) as var. felipense, does not merit recognition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 580. FNA vol. 7, p. 582.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium
Sibling taxa
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
Synonyms Carara didyma, Coronopus didymus, Senebiera didyma, Senebiera incisa, Senebiera pinnatifida L. flavum var. apterum, L. flavum var. felipense, Nasturtium flavum, Sprengeria flava, Sprengeria minuscula, Sprengeria watsoniana
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 433. (1767): Mant Pl. 1: 92. (1767) Torrey: in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 67. (1857)
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