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lesser pepper-grass, lesser swine-cress, lesser wart-cress

Asian white-top, chalapa hoary-cress, chalapa pepper-grass, lens-pod hoary cress, lens-pod whitetop

Habit Annuals; (fetid); glabrous or pilose. Perennials; (rhizomatous); densely hirsute to glabrate or glabrous.
Stems

few to several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, 1–4.5(–7) dm.

several from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2.1–6.6(–9.2) dm.

Basal leaves

(soon withered);

not rosulate;

petiole 0.5–4(–6) cm;

blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, 1–6(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate (sometimes deeply lobed).

(early withered);

not rosulate;

petiole 0.9–4.4 cm;

blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.8–)2.5–8.6(–14) cm × 10–37 mm, margins subentire or dentate.

Cauline leaves

shortly petiolate to subsessile;

blade similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally, lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised.

sessile;

blade obovate to oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate, (1.5–)2.6–9.3(–13.2) cm × (7–)12–31(–45) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous).

Racemes

elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight, cylindrical.

(corymbose panicles), elongated in fruit;

rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes cylindrical, straight or curved.

Flowers

sepals (tardily deciduous), ovate, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm;

petals white, elliptic to linear, 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.1 mm, claw absent;

stamens 2, median;

filaments 0.3–0.6 mm;

anthers 0.1–0.2 mm.

sepals oblong to ovate, 1.7–3 × 1–1.6 mm;

petals white, obovate, 3–5 × 1.2–2.4 mm, claw 1.2–2 mm;

stamens 6;

filaments 2–3.3 mm, (glabrous);

anthers 0.5–0.6 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to horizontal, straight slightly recurved, (terete), 1.4–2.5(–4) × 0.15–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially.

ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–16(–19) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially.

Fruits

schizocarpic, didymous, 1.3–1.7 × 2–2.5 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep;

valves thick, rugose, strongly veined, glabrous;

style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch.

(indehiscent), obovoid to subglobose or obcompressed globose, 3.5–5.8(–7) × (3.5–)4–6.2(–7) mm, apically not winged, apical notch absent;

valves thin, smooth, often not veined, glabrous;

style (0.8–)1.2–2(–2.3) mm.

Seeds

ovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm.

(dark reddish brown), ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm.

2n

= 32.

= 48, 80, 128.

Lepidium didymum

Lepidium chalepense

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Roadsides, waste areas, lawns, pastures, fields, gardens, disturbed areas Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream banks, pastures, waste areas
Elevation 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) 300-4200 m (1000-13800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; QC; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sinaloa), Central America (Honduras), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina), Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

From the synonymy above, it is evident that the disposition of Lepidium chalepense has varied: more than one species (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1940; G. A. Mulligan and C. Frankton 1962), one species (e.g., Rollins 1993), a variety of Lepidium (Cardaria) draba (N. H. Holmgren 2005b), or a synonym of the latter species (C. L. Hitchcock 1936). In our opinion, the differences in fruit morphology and chromosome number justify its recognition as a distinct species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 580. FNA vol. 7, p. 577.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium
Sibling taxa
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. chalepense, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
L. acutidens, L. alyssoides, L. appelianum, L. austrinum, L. barnebyanum, L. campestre, L. coronopus, L. crenatum, L. davisii, L. densiflorum, L. dictyotum, L. didymum, L. draba, L. eastwoodiae, L. flavum, L. fremontii, L. heterophyllum, L. huberi, L. integrifolium, L. jaredii, L. lasiocarpum, L. latifolium, L. latipes, L. montanum, L. nanum, L. nitidum, L. oblongum, L. ostleri, L. oxycarpum, L. papilliferum, L. paysonii, L. perfoliatum, L. pinnatifidum, L. ramosissimum, L. ruderale, L. sativum, L. sordidum, L. strictum, L. thurberi, L. tiehmii, L. virginicum
Synonyms Carara didyma, Coronopus didymus, Senebiera didyma, Senebiera incisa, Senebiera pinnatifida Cardaria chalepensis, Cardaria draba subsp. chalepensis, Cardaria draba var. repens, Cardaria repens, Cochlearia draba, L. draba subsp. chalepense, L. draba var. repens, L. repens, Physolepidion repens
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 433. (1767): Mant Pl. 1: 92. (1767) Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 23. (1756)
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