Lepidium didymum |
Lepidium chalepense |
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lesser pepper-grass, lesser swine-cress, lesser wart-cress |
Asian white-top, chalapa hoary-cress, chalapa pepper-grass, lens-pod hoary cress, lens-pod whitetop |
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Habit | Annuals; (fetid); glabrous or pilose. | Perennials; (rhizomatous); densely hirsute to glabrate or glabrous. |
Stems | few to several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, 1–4.5(–7) dm. |
several from base, erect or decumbent basally, branched (several) distally, (0.8–)2.1–6.6(–9.2) dm. |
Basal leaves | (soon withered); not rosulate; petiole 0.5–4(–6) cm; blade 1- or 2-pinnatisect, 1–6(–8) cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate (sometimes deeply lobed). |
(early withered); not rosulate; petiole 0.9–4.4 cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or ovate, (1.8–)2.5–8.6(–14) cm × 10–37 mm, margins subentire or dentate. |
Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate to subsessile; blade similar to basal, smaller and less divided distally, lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5(–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised. |
sessile; blade obovate to oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate, (1.5–)2.6–9.3(–13.2) cm × (7–)12–31(–45) mm, base sagittate-amplexicaul or auriculate, margins dentate or entire, (surfaces pubescent or glabrous). |
Racemes | elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
(corymbose panicles), elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous or puberulent, trichomes cylindrical, straight or curved. |
Flowers | sepals (tardily deciduous), ovate, 0.5–0.7(–0.9) mm; petals white, elliptic to linear, 0.4–0.5 × ca. 0.1 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.3–0.6 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals oblong to ovate, 1.7–3 × 1–1.6 mm; petals white, obovate, 3–5 × 1.2–2.4 mm, claw 1.2–2 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–3.3 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to horizontal, straight slightly recurved, (terete), 1.4–2.5(–4) × 0.15–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially. |
ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 5–16(–19) × 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially. |
Fruits | schizocarpic, didymous, 1.3–1.7 × 2–2.5 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep; valves thick, rugose, strongly veined, glabrous; style absent or obsolete, included in apical notch. |
(indehiscent), obovoid to subglobose or obcompressed globose, 3.5–5.8(–7) × (3.5–)4–6.2(–7) mm, apically not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, often not veined, glabrous; style (0.8–)1.2–2(–2.3) mm. |
Seeds | ovate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 mm. |
(dark reddish brown), ovate, 1.5–2.3 × 1–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
= 48, 80, 128. |
Lepidium didymum |
Lepidium chalepense |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering May–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste areas, lawns, pastures, fields, gardens, disturbed areas | Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, agricultural lands, stream banks, pastures, waste areas |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 300-4200 m (1000-13800 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; QC; South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Sinaloa), Central America (Honduras), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
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AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina), Europe]
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Discussion | From the synonymy above, it is evident that the disposition of Lepidium chalepense has varied: more than one species (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1940; G. A. Mulligan and C. Frankton 1962), one species (e.g., Rollins 1993), a variety of Lepidium (Cardaria) draba (N. H. Holmgren 2005b), or a synonym of the latter species (C. L. Hitchcock 1936). In our opinion, the differences in fruit morphology and chromosome number justify its recognition as a distinct species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 580. | FNA vol. 7, p. 577. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Carara didyma, Coronopus didymus, Senebiera didyma, Senebiera incisa, Senebiera pinnatifida | Cardaria chalepensis, Cardaria draba subsp. chalepensis, Cardaria draba var. repens, Cardaria repens, Cochlearia draba, L. draba subsp. chalepense, L. draba var. repens, L. repens, Physolepidion repens |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 433. (1767): Mant Pl. 1: 92. (1767) | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 23. (1756) |
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