Lepidium densiflorum |
Lepidium latifolium |
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baby-seed pepper-weed, common pepper-grass, common pepper-weed, elongate peppergrass, hairy-fruit peppergrass, large-fruit peppergrass, miner's pepper-weed, prairie pepper-grass, prairie pepperweed |
broad-leaf pepper-grass, broad-leaf pepper-weed, broad-leaf pepperwort, dittander, perennial pepper-weed |
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Habit | Annuals or biennials; puberulent or glabrous, (trichomes cylindrical). | Perennials; (rhizomes thick, caudex woody); glabrous or pubescent. |
Stems | simple from base, erect, branched distally, (1–)2.5–5(–6.5) dm. |
simple from base, erect, branched distally, (2–)3.5–12(–15) dm. |
Basal leaves | (early withered); rosulate; petiole 0.5–1.5(–2) cm; blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or oblong, (1.5–)2.5–8(–11) cm × 5–10(–20) mm, margins coarsely serrate or pinnatifid. |
not rosulate; petiole 1–9(–14) cm; blade elliptic-ovate to oblong, (2–)3.5–15(–25) cm × (5–)15–50(–80) mm, (leathery), margins entire or serrate. |
Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate; blade narrowly oblanceolate or linear, (0.7–)1.3–6.2(–8) cm × (0.5–)1.5–10(–18) mm, base attenuate to cuneate, not auriculate, margins usually entire or irregularly serrate to dentate, rarely pinnatifid. |
sessile or shortly petiolate; blade oblong to elliptic-ovate or lanceolate, (1–)2–9(–12) cm × 3–45 mm, base cuneate, not auriculate, margins serrate or entire. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit; rachis puberulent, trichomes straight, slender to subclavate. |
(subcorymbose panicles), slightly elongated or not in fruit; rachis glabrous or sparsely puberulent, trichomes straight, cylindrical. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 0.5–0.8(–1) × 0.3–0.5 mm; petals (absent or rudimentary) white, filiform, 0.3–0.9 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.6–1(–1.8) mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals suborbicular to ovate, 1–1.4 × 0.8–0.9 mm; petals white, obovate, 1.8–2.5 × (0.8–)1–1.3 mm, claw 0.7–1 mm; stamens 6; filaments 0.9–1.4 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight or slightly recurved, (terete), (1.5–)2–3.5(–4) × 0.15–0.25 mm, puberulent adaxially. |
ascending to divaricate, straight or slightly curved, (terete), 2–5(–6) × 0.1–0.2 mm, glabrous or puberulent adaxially. |
Fruits | obovate to obovate-suborbicular, (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) × 1.5–2.5(–3) mm (widest beyond middle), apically winged, apical notch 0.2–0.4 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely puberulent (at least on margin); style 0.1–0.2 mm, included in apical notch. |
oblong-elliptic to broadly ovate or suborbicular, (1.6–)1.8–2.4(–2.7) × 1.3–1.8 mm, apically not winged, apical notch 0(–0.1) mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely pilose; style 0.05–0.15 mm, exserted beyond apical notch (when present). |
Seeds | ovate, 1.1–1.3(–1.5) × 0.8–0.9 mm. |
oblong, (0.8–)1–1.2 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
= 24. |
Lepidium densiflorum |
Lepidium latifolium |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Waste places, disturbed sites, prairies, fields, pastures, grasslands, chaparral, meadows, sagebrush flats, flood plains, gravelly hillsides, rock crevices, seashores, sandy places, shaley barrens, open mesa, roadsides | Pastures, grasslands, disturbed places, fields, roadsides, slopes, saline meadows, stream banks, waste grounds, dry flats, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities, barren hillsides, ditch banks, edge of marshes |
Elevation | 0-3500 m (0-11500 ft) | 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo León) [Introduced in Europe, Asia]
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AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; IL; KS; MA; MO; MT; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; QC; s Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Durango, San Luis Potosí), Australia]
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Discussion | North American records of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow mostly represent misidentifications of L. densiflorum. The latter has obovate fruits widest beyond the middle, whereas L. apetalum has elliptic fruits widest at the middle. The number and limits of the varieties recognized in Lepidium densiflorum, as well as the characters used to delimit them, vary among authors (A. Thellung 1906; C. L. Hitchcock 1936; G. A. Mulligan 1961; R. C. Rollins 1993; N. H. Holmgren 2005b). The variation almost always does not correlate with geography, and the recognition of varieties in this species is neither practical nor very useful. All of those authors admitted that these varieties are “very weak at best” (Rollins, p. 554). Of them, perhaps var. pubicarpum (including var. elongatum) might merit recognition. It is distributed in almost all of the Mountain and Pacific states and is distinguished from the other varieties solely by the presence of trichomes or minute papillae on the fruit valves. The density of these trichomes ranges from moderate and covering the entire valve surface to very sparse and represented by individual papillate trichomes restricted to the valve margin. Furthermore, the length of these trichomes may vary from ca. 0.01 to 0.3 mm. In some species (e.g., L. dictyotum) both glabrous- and pubescent-fruited forms occur, yet none of the above authors gave formal recognition to both forms. It is not known if both glabrous and puberulent fruits occur within the same population in L. densiflorum. The species is autogamous, but nothing is known about the rates of gene flow between and within populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 579. | FNA vol. 7, p. 585. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | L. densiflorum var. elongatum, L. densiflorum var. macrocarpum, L. densiflorum var. pubicarpum, L. densiflorum var. ramosum, L. elongatum, L. neglectum, L. pubicarpum, L. ramosum | Cardaria latifolia |
Name authority | Schrader: Index Seminum (Göttingen) 1832: 4. (1832) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 644. (1753) |
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