Lepidium appelianum |
Lepidium oblongum |
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globe-pod hoary-cress, hairy whitetop, white-top |
lepidium oblongum, veiny pepper grass, veiny pepper-weed |
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Habit | Perennials; (rhizomatous); often densely hirsute. | Annuals; hirsute (trichomes cylindrical). |
Stems | simple or several from base, erect or ascending, branched distally, (1–)1.5–3.5(–5) dm. |
often several from base, erect to ascending or decumbent, branched distally, (5–)1–2.4(–3.2) dm. |
Basal leaves | (often withered by anthesis); not rosulate; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; blade obovate to oblanceolate, (1–)2–6(–7) cm × 3–20 mm, margins dentate to sinuate. |
not rosulate; petiole (0.5–)1–3 cm; blade 1- or 2-pinnatifid, 0.7–3.5 cm, margins (of lobes) entire or dentate. |
Cauline leaves | sessile; blade oblong or lanceolate, 1–5(–8) cm × (3–)5–15(–30) mm, base sagittate, margins dentate or subentire, (surfaces pubescent). |
usually sessile, rarely shortly petiolate; blade obovate to oblanceolate (in outline), 0.8–2 cm × 2–9 mm, base cuneate, auriculate or not, margins dentate to laciniate or pinnatifid. |
Racemes | (usually corymbose, rarely paniculate), rarely elongated in fruit; rachis pubescent, trichomes often curved. |
elongated in fruit; rachis hirsute, trichomes mostly straight, cylindrical. |
Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1 mm; petals white, broadly obovate, (2.2–)2.8–4 × 1–3 mm, claw 1–1.4 mm; stamens 6; filaments 2–2.5 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.4–0.5 mm. |
sepals (tardily deciduous to somewhat persistent), ovate to broadly oblong, 0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm; petals (absent or rudimentary), white, linear-oblanceolate, 0.1–0.7 × 0.05–0.15 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.7–1 mm; anthers 0.15–0.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, straight or slightly curved, (terete), 3–9(–12) × 0.2–0.3 mm, pubescent. |
divaricate to horizontal, usually slightly recurved, rarely straight, (terete), 2–3.5(–5) × 0.2–0.3 mm, puberulent adaxially or, rarely, throughout. |
Fruits | (indehiscent), globose or, rarely, subglobose, (2–)3–4.4(–5) mm diam., (inflated), apically not winged, apical notch absent; valves thin, smooth, not veined, densely puberulent; style 0.5–1.5 mm. |
orbicular to broadly obovate or elliptic, 2.2–3.5 × 2–3 mm, apically winged, apical notch 0.2–0.3 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely puberulent (along margin); style to 0.1 mm, included in apical notch. |
Seeds | (brown or dark brown), ovoid, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm. |
ovate, 1.2–1.6 × 0.7–1 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Lepidium appelianum |
Lepidium oblongum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | Flowering Mar–Aug. |
Habitat | Roadsides, sagebrush communities, alkaline meadows, waste grounds, ditch and stream sides, fields, pastures | Prairies, pastures, floodplains, waste grounds, llanos, disturbed areas, roadsides, flats, calcareous sand, alluvial terraces |
Elevation | 400-2400 m (1300-7900 ft) | 0-1200 m (0-3900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MI; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; PA; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; c Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, other parts of Asia]
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AR; AZ; CA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Baja California, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamascaltepec, Veracruz); Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala)
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Discussion | Lepidium appelianum has become a noxious weed in most of its range in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hitchcock distinguished var. insulare from var. oblongum on the basis of having fruits smaller (2–2.5 versus 2.5–3 mm) and rotund to obovate (versus elliptic or obovate-elliptic) and fruiting pedicels puberulent (versus glabrous) abaxially. The shape and size of fruits almost never covary, and some of the insular plants (e.g., Trask 28, GH) have the largest fruits; some populations from Arizona, Oklahoma, and Texas have smaller and perfectly orbicular fruits. As for the pubescence of fruiting pedicels, some of the inland plants cited by Hitchcock as L. oblongum (e.g., Brewer 27, GH) have pedicels pubescent abaxially. A recent report of Lepidium bonariense naturalized in Skagit County, Washington, was based on misidentified L. oblongum; all the vouchers for it belong to the latter species. Lepidium oblongum often has several stems from base, usually auriculate distalmost leaves, and fruits 2–3 mm wide. By contrast, L. bonariense has single stems from base, non-auriculate distalmost leaves, and fruits 2.7–3.5 mm wide. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 576. | FNA vol. 7, p. 588. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium | Brassicaceae > tribe Lepidieae > Lepidium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hymenophysa pubescens, Cardaria pubescens, Cardaria pubescens var. elongata | L. greenei, L. oblongum var. insulare |
Name authority | Al-Shehbaz: Novon 12: 7. (2002) | Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 468, 1331. (1903) |
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