Layia hieracioides
Layia
hawkweed layia, tall tidytips
layia, tidytips
purple-streaked.
usually ± erect (prostrate in L. chrysanthemoides and L. platyglossa of coastal bluffs).
blades elliptic, lanceolate, linear, or oblanceolate, 7–150 mm, margins (basal leaves) lobed to toothed.
mostly cauline;
proximal opposite, most alternate;
sessile;
blades ovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate to linear, sometimes 1–2-pinnatifid, ultimate margins toothed or entire, faces glabrous or hirsute to strigose (distal leaves sometimes stipitate-glandular as well).
± ellipsoid to obconic, 4–9 × 4–9+ mm.
± hemispheric, campanulate, cylindric, ellipsoid, obconic, or urceolate, 2–15+ mm diam.
flat to convex, setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series, between rays and discs or subtending ± all disc florets, distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious).
6–16;
laminae yellow, 1–4 mm.
0 or 3–27, pistillate, fertile;
corollas yellow, cream, white, or bicolored.
9–80;
corollas 2.5–4.5 mm;
anthers ± dark purple.
5–120+, bisexual, fertile;
corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple or yellow to brownish; styles glabrous proximal to branches).
6–16, apices shorter than folded bases.
0 (then outer paleae functioning as phyllaries, in L. discoidea), or 3–27 in 1(–2) series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually wholly enveloping a subtended ray ovary, abaxially hirsute to strigose or scabrous, sometimes glandular).
usually radiate (discoid in L. discoidea), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays.
± clavate (usually ± strigose to sericeous, sometimes glabrous);
pappi 0 or of 1–32 elliptic, lance-attenuate, ovate, setiform, or subulate, glabrous, scabrous, or plumose scales or bristles (often each basally villous and/or adaxially woolly).
glabrous.
obcompressed, clavate (± arcuate to falcate, basal attachments central, apices beakless, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy);
pappi 0.
in 1 series between ray and disc florets.
pappi of 10–16 white to rufous or purplish, ± equal bristles or setiform scales 2–4 mm, each proximally plumose, not adaxially woolly.
bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0.
= 8.
= 16, 32.
Layia hieracioides
Layia
Layia hieracioides occurs in the southern San Francisco Bay area, South Coast Ranges, and Western Transverse Ranges. Diploids and tetraploids are morphologically similar and reportedly geographically distinct, with diploids documented from the San Francisco Bay area and tetraploids (= L. paniculata) documented to the south. Natural, ± sterile hybrids between tetraploid plants and L. glandulosa have been documented from the Central Coast (B. D. Tanowitz and J. W. Adams 1986; R. F. Hoover 8369, UC).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 14 (14 in the flora).
Layia is evidently most closely related to Lagophylla based on molecular phylogenetic data. Species of Layia with 2n = 14 constitute a clade that has been regarded as exemplary of geographic diversification (speciation) in plants (J. Clausen 1951; B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). All members of Layia except L. carnosa and L. hieracioides are self-incompatible.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Disc pappi 0 | → 2 |
1. Disc pappi of 1–32 bristles or scales | → 7 |
2. Plants not glandular; paleae subtending ± all disc florets | L. chrysanthemoides |
2. Plants glandular; paleae in 1 (involucre-like) series between ray and disc florets | → 3 |
3. Plants apple- or banana-scented; margins (basal leaves) usually denticulate to serrulate, seldom lobed; ray corollas white to cream | L. heterotricha |
3. Plants unscented, or not apple- or banana-scented; margins (basal leaves) lobed; ray corollas white, yellow, or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish) | → 4 |
4. Stems usually purple-streaked; involucres campanulate to hemispheric, subglobose, or ± urceolate | → 5 |
4. Stems usually not purple-streaked; involucres ± hemispheric | → 6 |
5. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or subglobose; ray florets 6–18, corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish) | L. gaillardioides |
5. Involucres ± urceolate; ray florets 13–27 (in 2 series), corollas bicolored | L. jonesii |
6. Plants strongly lemon- or acrid-scented; ray corollas white or yellow; anthersyellow or brownish | L. pentachaeta |
6. Plants not strongly scented; ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); anthers ± dark purple (sometimes yellow to brownish in sw California) | L. platyglossa |
7. Ray florets 0 | L. discoidea |
7. Ray florets 3–27 (ray laminae sometimes inconspicuous) | → 8 |
8. Plants not glandular; paleae subtending ± all disc florets | → 9 |
8. Plants glandular; paleae in 1 (involucre-like) series between ray and disc florets | → 10 |
9. Disc pappi of unequal, subulate to setiform scales | L. chrysanthemoides |
9. Disc pappi of ± equal, lance-attenuate scales | L. fremontii |
10. Disc pappi of elliptic, lance-linear, or ovate, non-plumose, non-woolly scales (bases sparsely setose), 0.5–3.5 mm | → 11 |
10. Disc pappi usually of bristles or setiform scales, if scales linear-attenuate to subulate, then proximally plumose and often proximally woolly adaxially, 1–7 mm | → 13 |
11. Ray corollas white; anthers yellow to brownish; ray cypselae sparsely hairy | L. leucopappa |
11. Ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); anthers ± dark purple; ray cypselae glabrous or sparsely hairy | → 12 |
12. Stems usually purple-streaked; involucres ± urceolate; ray florets 13–27 (in 2 series); ray cypselae glabrous; pappus scales 0.5–2 mm | L. jonesii |
12. Stems not purple-streaked; involucres hemispheric to ± urceolate; ray florets 6–15; ray cypselae glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappusscales 2–3.5 mm | L. munzii |
13. Plants usually not strongly scented (if not contacted); disc pappus bristles or scales mostly proximally plumose and adaxially woolly, sometimes ± scabrous throughout, if proximally plumose and not woolly, then linear-attenuate to subulate scales | → 14 |
13. Plants usually strongly scented, even without contact (except L. carnosa, fleshy-leaved plants of coastal dunes); disc pappus bristles or scales proximally plumose, seldom woolly adaxially (not linear-attenuate to subulate) | → 16 |
14. Ray corollas usually white (sometimes yellow); disc pappi of 10–15 linearattenuate to subulate scales | L. glandulosa |
14. Ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); disc pappi of 14–32 bristles or setiform scales | → 15 |
15. Involucres usually ± hemispheric; phyllary apices often longer than folded bases; ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); anthers usually ± dark purple (sometimes yellow to brownish in sw California); disc pappus bristles or scales usually scabrous (sometimes proximally plumose and adaxially woolly in sw California) | L. platyglossa |
15. Involucres ± ellipsoid to campanulate; phyllary apices usually shorter than folded bases; ray corollas yellow; anthers yellow to brownish; disc pappus bristles orscales proximally plumose and adaxially woolly | L. septentrionalis |
16. Margins (basal leaves) usually denticulate or serrulate, seldom toothed or lobed;ray corollas white to cream (disc pappi readily falling as units) | L. heterotricha |
16. Margins (basal leaves) lobed; ray corollas white, yellow, or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish) | → 17 |
17. Anthers yellow to brownish | L. pentachaeta |
17. Anthers ± dark purple | → 18 |
18. Stems not purple-streaked; ray corollas white, laminae 1.5–3.5 mm; ray cypselae sparsely hairy | L. carnosa |
18. Stems purple-streaked; ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white), laminae 1–18 mm; ray cypselae glabrous | → 19 |
19. Ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish), 3.5–18 mm; disc pappi of 15–24 bristles or setiform scales (main stemsascending, not strictly erect) | L. gaillardioides |
19. Ray corollas yellow, 1–4 mm; disc pappi of 10–16 bristles or setiform scales (main stems strictly erect) | L. hieracioides |
CA
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WA
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