Layia chrysanthemoides
Layia
smooth tidy tips
layia, tidytips
not purple-streaked.
usually ± erect (prostrate in L. chrysanthemoides and L. platyglossa of coastal bluffs).
blades lanceolate or oblanceolate to linear, 5–120 mm, margins (basal leaves) lobed to pinnatifid.
mostly cauline;
proximal opposite, most alternate;
sessile;
blades ovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate to linear, sometimes 1–2-pinnatifid, ultimate margins toothed or entire, faces glabrous or hirsute to strigose (distal leaves sometimes stipitate-glandular as well).
hemispheric or depressed-hemispheric, 4–12 × 4–14+ mm.
± hemispheric, campanulate, cylindric, ellipsoid, obconic, or urceolate, 2–15+ mm diam.
flat to convex, setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series, between rays and discs or subtending ± all disc florets, distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious).
6–16;
laminae usually proximally yellow, distally white or light yellow, rarely uniformly yellow throughout, 3–18(–24) mm.
0 or 3–27, pistillate, fertile;
corollas yellow, cream, white, or bicolored.
28–100+;
corollas 3–5 mm;
anthers ± dark purple.
5–120+, bisexual, fertile;
corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple or yellow to brownish; styles glabrous proximal to branches).
6–16, apices often longer (sometimes shorter) than folded bases.
0 (then outer paleae functioning as phyllaries, in L. discoidea), or 3–27 in 1(–2) series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually wholly enveloping a subtended ray ovary, abaxially hirsute to strigose or scabrous, sometimes glandular).
usually radiate (discoid in L. discoidea), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays.
± clavate (usually ± strigose to sericeous, sometimes glabrous);
pappi 0 or of 1–32 elliptic, lance-attenuate, ovate, setiform, or subulate, glabrous, scabrous, or plumose scales or bristles (often each basally villous and/or adaxially woolly).
glabrous.
obcompressed, clavate (± arcuate to falcate, basal attachments central, apices beakless, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy);
pappi 0.
subtending ± all disc florets.
pappi 0 or of 2–18 tawny, subulate to setiform, unequal scales 1–4 mm, each ± scabrous, not adaxially woolly.
bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0.
= 8.
= 16.
Layia chrysanthemoides
Layia
Layia chrysanthemoides occurs from the western Great Valley to the coast in northern and central California. Molecular and morphologic data have indicated that L. chrysanthemoides is most closely related to L. fremontii (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.); the two species are reportedly highly interfertile (natural hybrids have not been reported; J. Clausen 1951).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 14 (14 in the flora).
Layia is evidently most closely related to Lagophylla based on molecular phylogenetic data. Species of Layia with 2n = 14 constitute a clade that has been regarded as exemplary of geographic diversification (speciation) in plants (J. Clausen 1951; B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). All members of Layia except L. carnosa and L. hieracioides are self-incompatible.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Disc pappi 0 | → 2 |
1. Disc pappi of 1–32 bristles or scales | → 7 |
2. Plants not glandular; paleae subtending ± all disc florets | L. chrysanthemoides |
2. Plants glandular; paleae in 1 (involucre-like) series between ray and disc florets | → 3 |
3. Plants apple- or banana-scented; margins (basal leaves) usually denticulate to serrulate, seldom lobed; ray corollas white to cream | L. heterotricha |
3. Plants unscented, or not apple- or banana-scented; margins (basal leaves) lobed; ray corollas white, yellow, or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish) | → 4 |
4. Stems usually purple-streaked; involucres campanulate to hemispheric, subglobose, or ± urceolate | → 5 |
4. Stems usually not purple-streaked; involucres ± hemispheric | → 6 |
5. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or subglobose; ray florets 6–18, corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish) | L. gaillardioides |
5. Involucres ± urceolate; ray florets 13–27 (in 2 series), corollas bicolored | L. jonesii |
6. Plants strongly lemon- or acrid-scented; ray corollas white or yellow; anthersyellow or brownish | L. pentachaeta |
6. Plants not strongly scented; ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); anthers ± dark purple (sometimes yellow to brownish in sw California) | L. platyglossa |
7. Ray florets 0 | L. discoidea |
7. Ray florets 3–27 (ray laminae sometimes inconspicuous) | → 8 |
8. Plants not glandular; paleae subtending ± all disc florets | → 9 |
8. Plants glandular; paleae in 1 (involucre-like) series between ray and disc florets | → 10 |
9. Disc pappi of unequal, subulate to setiform scales | L. chrysanthemoides |
9. Disc pappi of ± equal, lance-attenuate scales | L. fremontii |
10. Disc pappi of elliptic, lance-linear, or ovate, non-plumose, non-woolly scales (bases sparsely setose), 0.5–3.5 mm | → 11 |
10. Disc pappi usually of bristles or setiform scales, if scales linear-attenuate to subulate, then proximally plumose and often proximally woolly adaxially, 1–7 mm | → 13 |
11. Ray corollas white; anthers yellow to brownish; ray cypselae sparsely hairy | L. leucopappa |
11. Ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); anthers ± dark purple; ray cypselae glabrous or sparsely hairy | → 12 |
12. Stems usually purple-streaked; involucres ± urceolate; ray florets 13–27 (in 2 series); ray cypselae glabrous; pappus scales 0.5–2 mm | L. jonesii |
12. Stems not purple-streaked; involucres hemispheric to ± urceolate; ray florets 6–15; ray cypselae glabrous or sparsely hairy; pappusscales 2–3.5 mm | L. munzii |
13. Plants usually not strongly scented (if not contacted); disc pappus bristles or scales mostly proximally plumose and adaxially woolly, sometimes ± scabrous throughout, if proximally plumose and not woolly, then linear-attenuate to subulate scales | → 14 |
13. Plants usually strongly scented, even without contact (except L. carnosa, fleshy-leaved plants of coastal dunes); disc pappus bristles or scales proximally plumose, seldom woolly adaxially (not linear-attenuate to subulate) | → 16 |
14. Ray corollas usually white (sometimes yellow); disc pappi of 10–15 linearattenuate to subulate scales | L. glandulosa |
14. Ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); disc pappi of 14–32 bristles or setiform scales | → 15 |
15. Involucres usually ± hemispheric; phyllary apices often longer than folded bases; ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white); anthers usually ± dark purple (sometimes yellow to brownish in sw California); disc pappus bristles or scales usually scabrous (sometimes proximally plumose and adaxially woolly in sw California) | L. platyglossa |
15. Involucres ± ellipsoid to campanulate; phyllary apices usually shorter than folded bases; ray corollas yellow; anthers yellow to brownish; disc pappus bristles orscales proximally plumose and adaxially woolly | L. septentrionalis |
16. Margins (basal leaves) usually denticulate or serrulate, seldom toothed or lobed;ray corollas white to cream (disc pappi readily falling as units) | L. heterotricha |
16. Margins (basal leaves) lobed; ray corollas white, yellow, or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish) | → 17 |
17. Anthers yellow to brownish | L. pentachaeta |
17. Anthers ± dark purple | → 18 |
18. Stems not purple-streaked; ray corollas white, laminae 1.5–3.5 mm; ray cypselae sparsely hairy | L. carnosa |
18. Stems purple-streaked; ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally white), laminae 1–18 mm; ray cypselae glabrous | → 19 |
19. Ray corollas yellow or bicolored (proximally yellow, distally whitish), 3.5–18 mm; disc pappi of 15–24 bristles or setiform scales (main stemsascending, not strictly erect) | L. gaillardioides |
19. Ray corollas yellow, 1–4 mm; disc pappi of 10–16 bristles or setiform scales (main stems strictly erect) | L. hieracioides |
CA
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