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cultivated lettuce, garden lettuce

biennial wild lettuce, tall blue lettuce, wild blue lettuce

Habit Annuals or biennials, (15–)30–70(–100+) cm. Annuals or biennials, (15–)75–200(–300+) cm.
Leaves

on proximal 1/2–3/4 of each stem;

blades of undivided cauline leaves ovate to orbiculate, margins entire or denticulate, seldom prickly, midribs rarely prickly-setose.

on proximal 2/3–3/4 of each stem;

blades of undivided cauline leaves ovate to lanceolate, margins entire or denticulate, midribs sometimes sparsely piloso-setose.

Involucres

8–13+ mm.

7–12+ mm.

Florets

7–15(–30+);

corollas yellow (sometimes streaked with violet), usually deliquescent.

(15–)20–30(–50+);

corollas bluish or whitish, sometimes yellowish, seldom deliquescent.

Phyllaries

usually erect in fruit.

usually reflexed in fruit.

Heads

usually in corymbiform, sometimes in paniculiform, arrays.

in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

bodies pale grayish to whitish or tan, ± flattened, obovate, 3–4 mm, beaks ± filiform, 3–5 mm, faces 5–9-nerved;

pappi white, 3.5–4+ mm.

bodies brown (often mottled), ± compressed-ellipsoid, 4–5+ mm, beaks ± stout, 0.1–0.5+ mm, faces (4–)5–6-nerved;

pappi ± fuscous, 4–6+ mm.

2n

= 18.

= 34.

Lactuca sativa

Lactuca biennis

Phenology Flowering mostly Jul–Sep. Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed sites, abandoned plantings Swamps, stream banks, woods
Elevation 10–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 900–1500 m (3000–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CA; CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WV; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico; introduced or ephemeral nearly worldwide]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The type of Lactuca terrae-novae Fernald is probably conspecific with that of L. biennis. The type of L. biennis may be conspecific with that of L. floridana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 263. FNA vol. 19, p. 261.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Lactuca Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Lactuca
Sibling taxa
L. biennis, L. canadensis, L. floridana, L. graminifolia, L. hirsuta, L. ludoviciana, L. saligna, L. serriola, L. virosa
L. canadensis, L. floridana, L. graminifolia, L. hirsuta, L. ludoviciana, L. saligna, L. sativa, L. serriola, L. virosa
Synonyms Sonchus biennis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 795. (1753) (Moench) Fernald: Rhodora 42: 300. (1940)
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