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perennial greenhead sedge, short leaf spikesedge

annual greenhead sedge, low spikesedge

Habit Plants perennial, cespitose or not, long-creeping rhizomatous. Herbs, annual, cespitose, not rhizomatous.
Culms

sometimes spaced to 3 cm apart, (5–)12–25(–55) cm, smooth.

(5–)15–30(–55) cm, smooth.

Leaves

flat, 2–21 cm × 1.5–3.5 mm.

flat to V-shaped, 4–20(–30) cm × 1.5–3(–3.6) mm.

Inflorescences

spikes 1–3, 4–7 × 4 mm;

bracts 3–4, longest ± erect, others ascending to horizontal, flat, 1.5–18 cm × 1–3.3 mm.

spikes 1–3, pale greenish, (3–)5–8(–11) × 5–7 mm;

bracts (3–) 4(–5), horizontal to ascending at 30°, flat, (1–)3–10(–22) cm × 1–2.5(–3) mm.

Spikelets

(20–)40–60(–100), pale greenish or reddish brown, ovate, (2.2–)2.5–2.8(–3.2) × (0.6–)0.7–0.8(–1.2) mm;

floral scales laterally 2–3-veined, elliptic to ovate, 1.8–3 × (0.8–)1.1–1.6 mm, midvein not winged, apex mucronate;

stamens (1–)2;

anthers 0.8–1.1 mm;

style 0.6–1.2 mm;

stigmas 0.5–1.5 mm.

50–150, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (1.9–)2.4–2.8(–3.8) × 0.6–0.9 mm;

floral scales pale brownish to transparent, midvein not winged, laterally 2–3(–4)-veined, ovate, (1.8–)2.2–3.1(–3.4) × 1–1.7 mm;

stamens 2;

anthers elliptic, (0.2–)0.3–0.4 mm;

style 0.5–0.8 mm;

stigmas 0.5–0.9 mm.

Achenes

brown, substipitate or stipitate, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, 1–1.2(–1.3) × 0.6–0.8 mm, stipe, if present, 0.1–0.2 mm, apex obtuse to subtruncate, apiculate, papillate.

light brown, stipitate, oblong, 1–1.2(–1.4) × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm, base cuneate to rounded, stipe to 0.1 mm, apex subtruncate, apiculate, finely papillose.

Kyllinga brevifolia

Kyllinga pumila

Phenology Fruiting summer. Fruiting summer.
Habitat Damp grasslands, shorelines, ditches, croplands Damp grasslands, shorelines, ditches, lawns, gardens
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft) 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Australia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Africa
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Reports of Kyllinga brevifolia from Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia should be referred to as K. gracillima.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 193. FNA vol. 23, p. 194.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Kyllinga Cyperaceae > Kyllinga
Sibling taxa
K. gracillima, K. odorata, K. pumila, K. squamulata
K. brevifolia, K. gracillima, K. odorata, K. squamulata
Synonyms Cyperus brevifolius Cyperus densicaespitosus, Cyperus tenuifolius, K. tenuifolia
Name authority Rottbøll: Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl., 13, plate 4, fig. 3. (1773) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 28. (1803)
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