Krigia occidentalis
Krigia
western dwarfdandelion
dwarf dandelion
1–20+, ± scapiform, erect, eglandular or lightly glandular-villous.
1–50+, usually erect, rarely decumbent, scapiform or branched distally, glabrous or sparingly villous (proximally), glandular-villous (especially distally).
basal (rosettes) and proximally cauline (on scarcely elongated branches close to ground); petiolate (petioles sometimes ciliate-glandular);
blades linear, oblanceolate, or obovate, 1–7 cm, margins entire or sparingly lobed, lobes linear or triangular to rounded, apices acute or obtuse, faces eglandular.
mostly basal, sometimes cauline; petiolate (petioles often winged);
blades linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, margins entire, denticulate, or irregularly pinnately lobed, apices acute to obtuse (faces glabrous or glandular-villous, usually glaucous in K. dandelion and K. biflora);
distal cauline usually slightly reduced to bractlike.
from basal rosettes.
not distally inflated, ebracteate (from rosettes and from axils of cauline leaves or bracts).
2.5–6.5 mm.
turbinate to campanulate, 2–12 mm diam.
flat or low-convex, pitted, glabrous, epaleate.
5–25;
corollas yellow, 5–9 mm.
5–60;
corollas yellow to orange (equaling or surpassing phyllaries).
4–7, erect in fruit, lanceolate in flower, becoming ovate-lanceolate in fruit, midveins and sometimes secondary veins becoming prominent in fruit, curving inward at bases to form keels, apices acute.
(4–)5–18 in 1–2 series, (sometimes reflexed in fruit) linear-lanceolate to ovate, equal, herbaceous, apices acute (faces glabrous).
0.
borne singly.
borne singly.
reddish brown, broadly obconic, 1.2–1.8 mm (apical areas broader than basal areoles), 10–15-ribbed;
pappi of 5, hyaline, rounded outer scales 0.4–0.6 mm plus usually 5, sometimes 0, scabrous inner bristles 1.2–2 mm.
brown or reddish brown, columnar, obconic, barrel-shaped, or fusiform, not beaked, nerves or ribs 10–20, glabrous;
pappi 0, or persistent, often fragile, usually in 2 series, distinct, outer of 5+, yellowish or brownish scales, inner of 5–45, barbellulate bristles (pappi 0 in K. cespitosa, 0 or 1 series of tiny scales in K. wrightii).
= (4) 5 (6, 9).
= 12.
Krigia occidentalis
Krigia
Krigia occidentalis grows in the Eastern deciduous forest biome, tallgrass prairie, and mixedgrass prairie. It has superficial similarity in pappus form to K. virginica; it was consistently placed as the sister species to K. cespitosa in chloroplast cpDNA and nuclear rDNA studies by K. J. Kim et al. (1992b, 1992c). In morphology, it is most similar to the polyploid species K. wrightii, with 2n = 18.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 7 (7 in the flora).
Krigia is diverse and limited to North America. On molecular evidence, it stands apart from other clades of Cichorieae and is best placed as a monotypic subtribe (J. Lee et al. 2003; Lee and B. G. Baldwin 2004). Early studies classified the pappose and epappose species as different genera. A unified view of the genus was taken by L. H. Shinners (1947), and this has been supported by recent morphologic and molecular studies (K. J. Kim and T. J. Mabry 1991; Kim and B. L. Turner 1992; Kim et al. 1992b, 1992c; Kim and R. K. Jansen 1994). The most common base number is x = 5, with lower and higher numbers having arisen through dysploidy, autoploidy, and both ancient and recent alloploidy (K. L. Chambers 1965, 2004; A. S. Tomb et al. 1978; C. C. Chinnappa 1981; Kim and Turner).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Perennials; involucres 7–15 mm; phyllaries reflexed in fruit; pappus bristles 14–45 | → 2 |
1. Annuals; involucres 2–9 mm; phyllaries usually erect in fruit (reflexed in K. virginica); pappus bristles (1–)4–5, or pappi 0 | → 4 |
2. Stems scapiform, never leafy or bracteate; peduncles from basal rosettes (1–5+ per plant); tubers (on rhizomes) globose | K. dandelion |
2. Stems leafy or bracteate; peduncles from axils of cauline leaves and bracts (first-formed peduncle sometimes arising basally in K. montana); tubers none | → 3 |
3. Peduncles usually in groups of 2–6 from axils of distal cauline, auriculate, clasping bracts (on scapiform stems arising from basal rosettes); corollas orange or yellow- orange (leaves usually glaucous) | K. biflora |
3. Peduncles usually arising on leafy branches axillary to well-developed cauline leaves; corollas yellow | K. montana |
4. Phyllaries reflexed in fruit; pappus bristles surpassing scales by 3+ mm | K. virginica |
4. Phyllaries erect in fruit; pappus bristles 0 or surpassing scales by no more than 2 mm | → 5 |
5. Phyllary midveins evident, not prominent nor forming curved keels; cypselae fusiform, broadest beyond middles (gradually tapering distally), apical areas ± equal to basal areoles; pappi 0 | K. cespitosa |
5. Phyllary midveins becoming prominent, curving inward at bases to form keels; cypselae obconic to broadly columnar or barrel-shaped, broadest at or just proximal to apices, apical areas broader than basal areoles; pappi 0, or of scales and bristles. | → 6 |
6. Peduncles from rosettes; cypselae broadly obconic; pappi usually of 5 scales 0.4–0.6 mm plus 5 bristles 1.2–2 mm | K. occidentalis |
6. Peduncles mostly from branching, leafy stems; cypselae broadly columnar or barrel-shaped, slightly constricted at apices; pappi 0, or coroniform (minutes scales, rarely with 1–5 bristles). | K. wrightii |
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