Koenigia |
Koenigia islandica |
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knotweed, koenigia |
iceland koenigia, island koenigia, island purslane, koenigia d'islande |
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Habit | Herbs, annual; taprooted. | Plants (0.5–)1–8(–20) cm. |
Stems | decumbent, ascending, or erect, glabrous. |
often reddish, branched or simple, rooting adventitiously from proximal nodes. |
Leaves | cauline, alternate or subopposite, petiolate; ocrea persistent, chartaceous; blade spatulate-ovate to orbiculate, margins entire. |
ocrea brownish, broadly funnelform, 1–1.5 mm, margins oblique; petiole (0.1–)2–10 mm; blade 1–6.5 × 1–5 mm, base tapering to truncate, apex obtuse to acute, glabrous. |
Inflorescences | terminal, paniclelike or cymelike, not pedunculate. |
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Pedicels | absent or present. |
0.1–1.5 mm or absent. |
Flowers | bisexual, 3–10 per ocreate fascicle, bases not stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, greenish, often tinged white or pink distally, narrowly campanulate, glabrous or occasionally with scattered glands; tepals 3 [4], distinct, sepaloid, monomorphic; stamens (1–)3[–5]; filaments distinct, free, glabrous; anthers white or yellowish, ovate to elliptic; styles 2(–3), erect, distinct; stigmas capitate. |
perianth 0.9–1.8 mm; tepals ovate to elliptic, margins entire, apex obtuse; stamens ca. 1/2 as long as tepals. |
Achenes | included or barely exserted, light brown or brown to black, unwinged, unevenly 2-gonous, rarely 3-gonous, glabrous. |
1–1.8 × 0.7–0.8 mm, dull. |
Seeds | embryo curved. |
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x | = 7. |
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2n | = 14 (Mongolia, Norway), 28. |
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Koenigia |
Koenigia islandica |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Aug, fruiting Aug–Sep. | |
Habitat | Arctic tundra and alpine meadows with permanently moist gravel, especially around persistent snow patches near streams, ponds, and lakes | |
Elevation | 0-4400 m (0-14400 ft) | |
Distribution |
Alpine; arctic; and circumpolar; n North America; s South America; n Europe; e Asia |
AK; CO; MT; UT; WY; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; c Asia; Greenland; n Europe; s South America (Argentina, Chile); e Asia |
Discussion | Species 6 (1 in the flora). The five other species of Koenigia are endemic to high mountains of southeastern Asia, primarily the Himalayas (O. Hedberg 1997). K. Haraldson (1978) and L.-P. Ronse Decraene and J. R. Akeroyd (1988) placed Koenigia close to Aconogonon based on morphological data. Preliminary molecular data seem to support that relationship (A. S. Lamb Frye and K. A. Kron 2003). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Koenigia islandica is among the smallest of terrestrial flowering plants and one of few annual species in arctic and alpine floras. Some other species exhibit a similar bipolar distribution (e.g., Anemone multifida Poiret, Osmorhiza chilensis Hooker & Arnott, and Carex macloviana D’Urville). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 600. | FNA vol. 5, p. 601. |
Parent taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | unknown: Mant. Pl. 1: 3, 35. (1767): Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 71, 104. (1767) | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 1: 35. (1767): Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 71, 104. (1767) |
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