Kalmia polifolia |
Kalmia latifolia |
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bog, bog American-laurel, bog-laurel, mountain laurel, pale laurel, swamp, swamp laurel |
mountain American-laurel, mountain laurel |
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Habit | Shrubs erect, to 1 m. Twigs slightly flattened, 2-angled, viscid, glabrous or puberulent in decurrent, ciliolate lines from petiole base. | Shrubs or, rarely, trees, erect, (1–)2–8(–12) m. Twigs terete, viscid, stipitate-glandular, glabrescent. |
Leaves | opposite; petiole 0.1–3 mm, glabrous or puberulent (base ciliate); blade usually oblong to linear, sometimes oval, 1.5–4.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, margins usually revolute, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial surface puberulent, adaxial glabrate with puberulent bands on either side of midrib, midribs on both surfaces covered with purple, clavate trichomes. |
alternate (seemingly whorled on slow-growing twigs); petiole 10–30 mm, glabrous or puberulent, sometimes stipitate-glandular; blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–12 × 1.5–5 cm, margins plane, apex acute, surfaces stipitate-glandular, glabrescent abaxially, glabrous, midrib puberulent adaxially. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers or terminal, corymbiform racemes, 3–8(–17)-flowered. |
terminal, panicles, (12–)20–40-flowered. |
Pedicels | 15–30 mm. |
20–40 mm. |
Flowers | sepals pale, translucent, white to light pink, ovate, 2.9–4 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous, margins ciliate; petals connate their entire lengths, usually rose-purple or pink, rarely white, 9–11 × 12–18 mm, glabrous except puberulent near base abaxially; filaments 4–5 mm; style 4.5–7 mm. |
sepals green to reddish, usually oblong, 3–3.5 mm, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or stipitate-glandular; petals connate nearly their entire lengths, usually pink (ranging from deep red to white) with purple spots around each anther pocket, 20–25 × 15–30 mm, abaxial surface usually lightly stipitate-glandular, adaxial puberulent; filaments 4–5 mm; style 10–18 mm. |
Capsules | 5-locular, 4–6 × 4–7 mm, glabrous. |
5-locular, 3–5 × 4–7 mm, stipitate-glandular. |
Seeds | winged, oblong, 1.5–2.2 mm. |
winged, obovoid and curved, 0.5–1 mm. |
2n | = 48. |
= 24. |
Kalmia polifolia |
Kalmia latifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Open bogs, swamps, wet alpine slopes | Rocky or sandy hardwood forests on mountain slopes, stream bluffs, ravines, or in pure, dense thickets |
Elevation | 0-800 m (0-2600 ft) | 0-1900 m (0-6200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VT; WI; AB; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe (England)]
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AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV [Introduced in Europe (England)]
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Discussion | Kalmia polifolia is very closely related to K. microphylla and there is no general agreement on their taxonomic treatment. The two taxa have different flavonoid profiles and are distinctly separated (S. Liu 1993). The controversial Pacific lowland (Washington to Alaska) entity occidentalis resembles K. polifolia in structure; it is closely related to typical microphylla chemically and is separable from K. polifolia by key characters. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Kalmia latifolia is a showy and beautiful American indigenous plant. E. S. Rand (1871) wrote that “no words can describe the beauty of this plant on the mountains of the Middle States, where it covers acres, and sheets whole hillsides with pink and white.” (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 485. | FNA vol. 8, p. 482. |
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Kalmia | Ericaceae > subfam. Ericoideae > Kalmia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | K. glauca | Chamaedaphne latifolia, K. latifolia var. laevipes |
Name authority | Wangenheim: Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8(3): 130, plate 5. 1788 , | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 391. 1753 , |
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