Juncus xiphioides |
Juncus polycephalus |
|
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iris-leaf rush |
flatleaf rush, manyhead rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 5–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 6–10 dm. |
Rhizomes | 2–3 mm diam. |
|
Culms | erect, 2–6 mm diam. |
erect, 3–14 mm diam. |
Cataphylls | 0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex narrowly acute. |
absent. |
Leaves | basal 1–3, cauline 2–6, straw-colored; auricles absent; blade 10–40 cm x (3–)7–12 mm. |
basal 2–3(–6), cauline 1–4, brownish green; auricles absent; blade 8–70 cm × 4–8 mm. |
Inflorescences | panicles or racemes of 20–50 heads, 2–14 cm, erect or ascending branches; primary bract erect; heads 15–70-flowered, obovoid to globose, 7–11 mm diam. |
panicles of 16–82 heads, 10–30 cm; primary bract erect; heads 20–30-flowered, spheric, 8–12 mm diam. |
Flowers | tepals green to brown or reddish brown, lanceolate, 2.4–3.7 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 6; anthers ½1/2 to equal filament length. |
tepals green to reddish, lance-subulate, 3–4 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/3–1/2 length of filaments. |
Capsules | slightly exserted, chestnut to dark brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acuminate, not beaked. |
exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, narrowly ovoid, 4–5 mm, apex tapering to beak, remaining after dehiscence. |
Seeds | elliptic to obovate, 0.4–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
lance-ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 40. |
|
Juncus xiphioides |
Juncus polycephalus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting early summer–fall. | Fruiting spring–fall. |
Habitat | Salt marshes, moist areas, ditches, springs, lake and stream shores | Wet or seasonally wet shores, depressions, occasionally in fairly deep water of streams, usually with a peaty or mucky substrate, occasionally sandy to gravelly |
Elevation | 500–1600 m (1600–5200 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX
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Discussion | This species and the next (Juncus ensifolius) are closely related and have been treated as members of a single species (J. xiphioides) by Engelmann. Until a study of the complete subgenus is done, we are hesitant to use a varietal name (J. xiphioides var. triandrus) for the widespread western taxon J. ensifolius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. xiphioides var. auratus, J. xiphioides var. littoralis | J. echinatus, J. engelmannii |
Name authority | E. Meyer: Synopsis Juncorum 50. (1822) | Michaux: Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 192. 1803 (as polycephalos) |
Web links |