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iris-leaf rush

Bolander's rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 5–9 dm. Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, 2.5–8.5 dm.
Rhizomes

2–3 mm diam.

2–3 mm, tuberous.

Culms

erect, 2–6 mm diam.

erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth.

Cataphylls

0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex narrowly acute.

1–2, straw-colored, apex acute.

Leaves

basal 1–3, cauline 2–6, straw-colored;

auricles absent;

blade 10–40 cm x (3–)7–12 mm.

basal 0–1, cauline 2–3, auricles 2–3 mm, apex acute, membranaceous;

blade green to straw-colored, terete, 7–28 cm × 1–2 mm.

Inflorescences

panicles or racemes of 20–50 heads, 2–14 cm, erect or ascending branches;

primary bract erect;

heads 15–70-flowered, obovoid to globose, 7–11 mm diam.

terminal racemes of 1–8 heads or single head, 1–13 cm, branches ascending to spreading;

primary bract erect;

heads 40–70-flowered, spheric, 7–11 mm diam.

Flowers

tepals green to brown or reddish brown, lanceolate, 2.4–3.7 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate;

stamens 6;

anthers ½1/2 to equal filament length.

tepals dark reddish brown to light brown, lance-subulate, (2.6–)3–3.5(–4) mm, apex acuminate;

stamens 3, anthers 1/4 filament length.

Capsules

slightly exserted, chestnut to dark brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acuminate, not beaked.

equaling perianth or slightly included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid to oblong, 3–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle.

Seeds

elliptic to obovate, 0.4–0.6 mm, not tailed.

oblong, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed;

body clear yellow-brown.

2n

= 40.

Juncus xiphioides

Juncus bolanderi

Phenology Fruiting early summer–fall. Fruiting late spring–summer.
Habitat Salt marshes, moist areas, ditches, springs, lake and stream shores Swamps, marshes, stream banks, beaches, roadside meadows, and other moist or wet areas
Elevation 500–1600 m (1600–5200 ft) 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

This species and the next (Juncus ensifolius) are closely related and have been treated as members of a single species (J. xiphioides) by Engelmann. Until a study of the complete subgenus is done, we are hesitant to use a varietal name (J. xiphioides var. triandrus) for the widespread western taxon J. ensifolius.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Synonyms J. xiphioides var. auratus, J. xiphioides var. littoralis J. bolanderi var. riparius
Name authority E. Meyer: Synopsis Juncorum 50. (1822) Engelmann
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