Juncus xiphioides |
Juncus bolanderi |
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iris-leaf rush |
Bolander's rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 5–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, 2.5–8.5 dm. |
Rhizomes | 2–3 mm diam. |
2–3 mm, tuberous. |
Culms | erect, 2–6 mm diam. |
erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | 0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex narrowly acute. |
1–2, straw-colored, apex acute. |
Leaves | basal 1–3, cauline 2–6, straw-colored; auricles absent; blade 10–40 cm x (3–)7–12 mm. |
basal 0–1, cauline 2–3, auricles 2–3 mm, apex acute, membranaceous; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 7–28 cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | panicles or racemes of 20–50 heads, 2–14 cm, erect or ascending branches; primary bract erect; heads 15–70-flowered, obovoid to globose, 7–11 mm diam. |
terminal racemes of 1–8 heads or single head, 1–13 cm, branches ascending to spreading; primary bract erect; heads 40–70-flowered, spheric, 7–11 mm diam. |
Flowers | tepals green to brown or reddish brown, lanceolate, 2.4–3.7 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 6; anthers ½1/2 to equal filament length. |
tepals dark reddish brown to light brown, lance-subulate, (2.6–)3–3.5(–4) mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/4 filament length. |
Capsules | slightly exserted, chestnut to dark brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acuminate, not beaked. |
equaling perianth or slightly included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid to oblong, 3–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | elliptic to obovate, 0.4–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
oblong, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
2n | = 40. |
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Juncus xiphioides |
Juncus bolanderi |
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Phenology | Fruiting early summer–fall. | Fruiting late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Salt marshes, moist areas, ditches, springs, lake and stream shores | Swamps, marshes, stream banks, beaches, roadside meadows, and other moist or wet areas |
Elevation | 500–1600 m (1600–5200 ft) | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; nw Mexico
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Discussion | This species and the next (Juncus ensifolius) are closely related and have been treated as members of a single species (J. xiphioides) by Engelmann. Until a study of the complete subgenus is done, we are hesitant to use a varietal name (J. xiphioides var. triandrus) for the widespread western taxon J. ensifolius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. xiphioides var. auratus, J. xiphioides var. littoralis | J. bolanderi var. riparius |
Name authority | E. Meyer: Synopsis Juncorum 50. (1822) | Engelmann |
Web links |
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